Europe between the Wars: Fascism Essay

According to Stanley Payne, the term fascism root from the Latin word fasces which delineate bundle or union. Yet, these haggle cannot fully encapsulate nor even define what fascism more specifically Italian Fascism is all about. It had been commonly misused as to refer to violence, repression, dictatorship and barbarity removing any(prenominal) difference from the concept that were commonly associated with socialism. (p. 3) Seemingly, a clear trim definition of fascism is hard to catch up with because it does not live any seminal text that should realize defined its political, social and economic sake in contrast with other ideologies.Since this is the case, knowing the history of how the so-called fascist acts and the things they try to emphasize in the words they said, were substantial for anyone to have a more relevant understanding of the term or the word fascism. As an ideology, fascism considers the concerns of the individual along with those of the society as secondar y or indifferent to those of the whole advance.Primarily, it views the state as an organic living thing that is fabulous in a sense due to its belief in a national rebirth in the process of nti-ideological and pragmatic ideology that proclaims itself antimaterialist, antiindividualist, antiliberal, antidemocratic, anti-Marxist, is populist and anticapitalist in tendency, expresses itself aesthetically more than theoretically by meaning of a new political style and by myths, rites, and symbols as a write down trust designed to acculturate, socialize, and integrate the faith of the masses with the goal of creating a new man (Payne, p. 4) It was believed to be founded by Benito Mussolini as a political movement that espouses authoritarian dictatorship.It does not promote the concept of class fight back which makes it different from Marxism it is a revolutionary ideology which seeks to promote the Italian melt as part of aggressive nationalism programs which was associated or was said to have influenced Germans Nazism. (p. 225) It was believed to have started as an anti-communist group in the lead of Mussolini, in addition with the anti-socialist sentiments that had flood Italy during the 1920s as a final result of the workers upheaval.Mussolinis power doesnt actually come from his own cunningness but was derived from the ineffectiveness of the regime and the miscalculation made by the Socialist party. (p. 23-35) As the government of his time side with him in dictate to combat the socialism and the problems that it brought to the government and as the Socialist party remained sure-footed that they would reign Italy, Mussolini have managed to gradually gain popularity, trust and power. (p. 27)Domestically, Mussolinis actions were order to struggleds the restoration of Italy. He favored militarism and internationalism. He calls for the separation of the church and the state. in that location was in like manner a movement which replaced the labor uni ons with co-operatives that works ideally with the government in able to look create plans that would benefit both the workers and the state. (p. 55-67) He legislate laws which were in favor of private ownership and capitalization.His foreign policies admit the invasion of Ethiopia and the recognition of Roman Catholicism as the only religion in the state. (p. 55) This had resulted to the Anti-Semitic laws resulting to several other actions that were now being referred as racial discrimination. Seeing that his goals paralleled with those of the Nazi Germans, he had establish an coalition with them.His economic policies involve public works and the imposition of a state police under his party. (p. 25-317) Mussolini started the promotion of imperialism by directing a war with Ethiopia in view that this would redirect the attention and sympathy of the citizens. He had also aided fascist movement in Spain and accepted alliance with Germany. It is during these years that he started to decline in his prominence. (p. 225-317) Violence are viewed by Mussolini as liberating, deaths as a necessary sacrifice and wars as trials that must be overcome in reverence of the state.This is quite different from the Marxist Communism which according to Payne (p. 355) have qualified violence as an indispensable means to an endwhile gratuitously employing it en masseand almost unceasingly preached peace as ideal and goal, while massively militarizing their systems in utilisation. Italian Fascism might not have a core cling to system or an organized history, yet it had managed to influence other nations and it had been palmy in eradicating or at least minimizing the Socialist movement that have dominated in the 1920s.It promotes cultural liberalism by promoting capitalism under absolutism and nationalism. Although the ideal desire for hegemony and false judgment have led to the hurriedness of Mussolini, his actions, practices and ideology as whole have prompted several leade rs into evolution strands of political movements that resembles fascist vision and methods. The idea of focusing and putting the demand of the state above any personal needs indeed take into custody the hearts and minds of most citizens and has so far work even in the expense of many lives. (p. 355-358)