Business Law & Ethics Essay

Consider the possible conflicts between legally doing transmission line and exchange fast- regimen, given the increasing evidence of how it is a significant contributing operator in public health, obesity, and diabetes facing many Americans. Now, based on what youve learn in this module, answer the following A) After reading the Inside drool section of Chapter 1, do you agree with how Disney Company is handling the prune? why or why not? B) Does government (federal, state, or local) have a advanced or a responsibility to get involved in this conflict? If so, what and to what limit? If not, why not? Provide sound debate for your stance and back it up with references, if possible. Your logic should be factual, not emotional. Then, rejoinder to two or more of your classmates postings (three additional postings are needed for an typic grade). See the Discussion Rubric for additional information and grading criteria. The suit of clothes involved McDonald and Disney is about chi ldhood obesity caused by many advertizement that promote fast nutrient in the United States.The McDonald Company leads the close successful advertising that drives children to obesity. Under the pressure of different sectors, Fast nutrition Company such as McDonald is required to reconsider the effect of its regent(postnominal) advertising on a childs health condition, specifically the issues of child obesity (Bagley & Savage, 2010). Disney is created for the children, then eating healthy should be a real concern regarding children to Disney. Disney and McDonald had signed a pact, and McDonald fast food is sore-eyed for children. With the growing number of child obesity, eating fast food, especially McDonald, Disney had to trail a stand in this case. I agree with how Disney is handling the issue because there were guidelines provided by Disney on how the children should eat the McDonalds food. If McDonald kids meal did not meet the requirement guidelines provided by Disney, then, Disney has the right to cease its contract with McDonald Company. The obesity problem may have short barrier effect such as noble cholesterol or high blood pressure, and long term effect such as sign 2 diabetes, stroke, several types of cancer, and osteoarthritis on those children, according to research.For example, the percentage of children time-honored 611 years in the United States who were obese change magnitude from 7% in 1980 to around 18% in 2012. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents vulcanised 1219 years who were obese increased from 5% to nearly 21% over the same period. 1, 2, and in 2012, more than one third base of children andadolescents were overweight or obese. . I believe government has both right and responsibility to get involved in this conflict because child obesity is not a small case. Because of eating morbid, children are risk of some(prenominal) types of disease, and the obesity rate is very high. Government has to regulate laws regarding children eating unhealthy food due to influential advertising promoted by fast food companies. Government needs to get involved in this conflict until there is a solution to lower calories volume provided by fast food restaurants even they do not directly tell anyone to eat their food. However, that is the source they advertise their food, so people can buy them it is a business marketing to attract customers.

Japanese economic history

In the history of lacquerese stinting system is for 17 days from 1920 to 1937. Japanese preservation bequeath be hit by ternary bear-sized depressive disorders, ultraconservative depression (1920 depression), ? Financial crisis, and ? Shows Depression, by and by the struggle ? , and exit experience long-term depression in this period. The one-eyed postwar reactionist depression which occurred for 1920 (Taoist 9) years Is the depression which do the cause the sparingal break come in of during the war and the postwar period.As for the Japanese economy of the ass, a protracted economic slump will continue starting with this depression. The global supply deficit of 1920 previous terra firma war I (1914 o 18 years) made Japans export expand, and It led It to prosperity. Expansion of requirement changed Japan from the agricultural res publica of prewar days to the Industrialized country. Moreover, the labor shortage by expanding motive moved the farmer to the city, an d supported city development greatly.However, when World War I held the end of the war and It entered In the ass, western sandwich countries reorganized internal production and It reduced the demand to Japan. In Dalton to the reduced demand from Western countries, an dissipation of imports by resumption of import decreased the Japanese specie, and caused the condescend of a money order and outstations on commodities. In this way, Japanese economy will fall into a protracted economic slump. Moreover, this depression will deal a blow to many companies, and will drive them in to a breakdown.Moreover, although a return of the specie standard by the lifting of the gold censor was desired as a amount against reactionary depression, a ban was not removed on the situate or unknown trade business which were faced with the dormant capital at this time. (After World War l, the countries of many including the united States returned to the gold standard one aft(prenominal)ward another, and formed the axis of naked international finance. Then, the Great Kant Earthquake occurred for 1923 (Taoist 12) years, and an excess of imports became increasingly large so that this might be attacked.The government proclaim the Bank of Japan seism identity card discount-lost the government compensates a neediness of the Bank of Japan for less than 100 million yen at the same time the Bank of Japan does rediscover influence of the crinkle (earthquake bill) whose earthquake disaster victim is an obligator and it postpones collection as a measure to the companionship which suffered the serious deterioration caused by an earthquake disaster. However, the earthquake bill recessing problem arose by this Imperial edict.In the note processed as this earthquake note, many notes of the company and the manager who became bad loans under the influence of reactionary depression were Intermingled. It Is In / In order to pr eventidet the breakdown of the company by this, or a bank / an every place considered as 2 million yen or more In the outcome of the bank which has a head office In a big city these standards It cannot fill, either a duty of a bank was impose so that capital Increase and a merger might be performed wealth five years and the standard might be reached It went Into substance and Inland banks were cut down.However, by Improper language disturbance of finance Minister Kate after the Tokyo Waterman bank is actually closed, the bank commission by the depositor banks were obliged to closure and also had the bank which results even in a breakdown. This depression that occurred for 1927 (Shows 2) years is the second financial crisis. It was ceaselessly hit by two depressions after the war with reactionary depression and a financial crisis, and in order to reorganize the Japanese economy which the foreign outflow of the specie was aggravating, Minister-of-FinanceJunketed Onion of the Coachs Humanistic civil institution intermarry big building pushe d the lifting of the gold embargo. It is ordered in the root word of Junketed Onion who performs a tight financing insurance, and 1929 in the lifting of the gold embargo (Finance Ministry Ordinance of the purport that a ban is removed on gold export from January next year 1 1 and Japan also makes the gold standard return at last after the war.However, the business of the United States which began to lead the world instead of Britain retreated, and when the New York computer memory Exchange slumped n connection with it, the global Great Depression occurred after the war. In this way, Japan will be involved in the global Great Depression simultaneously with the lifting of the gold embargo. This is Shows Depression which occurred for the third 1930 (Shows 5) year. Moreover, in industry, the silk industry in which the demand from the United States occupied most suffered the damage caused by this Shows Depression most.Then, social problems, such as unemployment, selling themselves, a nd an malnourish schoolchild, also occurred, and the Japanese held economical / social uneasiness and were troubled with poverty. Aiming at escape from this Great Depression, Minister-of-Finance Kookier dashiki of the Toughs Incubi Friends of Constitutional Government Party console table starts an expansionist fiscal policy. First, Dashiki re-forbade export of gold in 1931, after Britain stopped the gold standard.The managed property system and red-ink bond which were saucily introduced instead of the gold standard and which are not bound by the quantity possessed of a specie enabled reservation of the source of receipts stabilized for performing an expansionist fiscal policy. Dashiki performs the spending policy which plans economic recovery by expanding annual expenditure based on these goods. The war expenditure expanded by the Manchuria Incident which broke out in Shows Depression in 1931 made the annual expenditure by the government increase.This annual expenditure that inc reased, I. E. , an effective demand, increased the demand for breed of hole-and-corner(a) enterprises, and it led Japanese economy to inflation. The demand for fund of private enterprises is connected to the employment to Jobless people, and Japanese economy began to incline to prosperity. However, free circulation of the inconvertible paper money by the red-ink bond and managed currency system which continue increasing will depreciate the exchange consecrate of the yen, and we will be anxious about a vicious inflation.To this, although Dashiki aimed at reduction of a red-ink bond and a war expenditure, he was assassinated. Although Minister-of-Finance riding ground ? 1 of the successor Koki Horror new Cabinet performed reduction of the public loan, expansion of the war expenditure was continued. Although the demand to heavy and chemical industries also increases with war expenditure expansion, since it did not look at up with it, the controlled economy (direct intervention to a governmental economic process) will start.In this way, the Japanese economy in accomplished senior high school including a spending policy, though the blow was received in ternion big depressions.

Culture Views on Health

Jessica Knott UOP HCA 230 04-19-2010 Cultural Views on Health Health give notice adopt different meanings to different people and in their cultures around the world. A individuals wellness is not any different when it arranges to an individuals, nor does it matter what serving of the world they ar in but they yet have the aforesaid(prenominal) thing in common physical, mental, social, and spiritual beings. A individuals health refers to how they feel and also how they relate to their environment and the people that shargon that environment with them.Peoples lives and morals are a conspiracy of the different areas is what makes them who they are, and this does not change because of the area where they are from. A person who is happy and has a healthy lifestyle has created a healthy fit of their physical, social, spiritual, and emotional part of their life. at that place are different shipway of look at health. Every culture has a concept of health that is believably different to that of others (Capdevila, 2006) A persons upbringing or footing can affect the medical handling they receive.Some cultures believe in holistic medicine. Some cultures insure their people with such practices without seeking give-and-take from a clinic or facility. The ethnic, cultural, and personal belief of an individual can affects the energy to receive care. For example in China herbal and holistic medicines are use everyday to help treat patients. These remedies have been used for centuries and concern to be passed down from generation to generation. Now Asiatic Americans have organized religion and believe in plants and their healing properties.The new fad in American culture of wellness and feeling the harmony between the mind, trunk, and spirit has its root also in the Chinese culture. American culture looks for healing in new modern techniques of medicine and in technology. Americans usually say that we treat the distemper and not the patient because we dont have a patient without the disease. A lot of people believe that the herbal draw near is helpful, while others do not believe. Some people believe that it should not be relied on because different people have different ways of providing medical care when it comes to herbal medicines.But a lot of Americans still have a more than modern views when it comes to health care, due to the position that we have the best and latest medical technology. The Asian American/peaceable Islander population in the U. S. is mostly foreign-born. Therefore, these families continue to hold on to traditional views of health and illness (Cantore, 2008) Acupressure is usually what is used in the Asian culture. But it is also being used now in the United States because we have a mixture of cultures. People from all cultures are now using acupressure to help as a cure.It supposes to help with smoking addictions and relieve the pain of childbirth. It can be used to possess sleep or digestion or to in crease mental stability. Many doctors remember meditation and yoga to relax patients undergoing modern procedures such as chemotherapy or surgery. (Cantore, 2008) eastern practices are popular because health consumers are more informed and are taking more responsibility for and control of their health. In addition, these practices and remedies assist the body in maintaining health and aid the body in natural healing. (Cantore, 2008) Vietnamese culture which is still an Asian culture, believes in harmony, balance in their lives and with their health. There are many differences between the American and Vietnamese cultures, for example in America if you are operose or obese it is not a good thing. But in the Vietnamese culture being overweight or obese is seen as a good sign of frugal status and people actually envy you of this. There are implications to health care providers when it comes to both cultures.For example, in a culture where obesity is more acceptable, health care pr oviders are challenged to provide care to more people. stop the cycle of obesity before it becomes the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States is a priority for community health nurses. (Durand E, Logan C, Carruth A, 2007) Every culture and society has their own beliefs and morals. Some believe in the herbal medicine, just about believe that they are heal by faith, and some use technology for the answer.But I believe that the important brass of that is that we must respect what a person believes is right. As long as the patient is not going to cause themselves any harm by holding onto cultural practices, is allowed to follow their traditional beliefs. Some of the medical practices that come from other regions and cultures are now being more accepted into the modern world, so we should be open to many different options when it comes to our health and treatment plans. References Capdevila, G (2006, May 25) BOLIVIA Wanted Healthcare Adapted To Indigenou s Cultures.Retrieved on April 11, 2009 from http//ipsnews. net/news. asp? idnews=33372 Cantore, J (2008) Modern Nursing, Traditional Beliefs. Minority nurses can play a crucial role in helping Asian patients bridge the gap between East and West, old and new. Retrieved on April 10, 2009 from http//www. minoritynurse. com Durand E, Logan C, Carruth A. (2007). connector of maternal obesity and childhood obesity implications for healthcare providers . Journal of community Health Nursing. 24 (3) 167-76 (journal article review, tables/charts). Retrieved on April 11, 2009 from EBSCOhost database.

Printing and its influence on the intellectual life Essay

The history of opinion dated back as early as 868 AD when the Chinese used it to produce the earliest dated printed book known as the Diamond Sutra. However, it is believed that book belief may stool occurred level(p) before that. Around 1041, the movable clay type make system was first invented by Bi Sheng in China. Later on, the metal movable type was invented in Korea in 1230. At around 1450, a g oldersmith named Johannes Gutenberg assembled a make system from which the current picture system was developed. At present, all movable type produce systems have been derived from the Gutenberg design.Thereafter, the machination of the printing system hastened the occupation of many books. As more books were produced, the production of manuscripts also declined. During that time, manuscript was the official form of take for all printed communications on the scientific and literary sphere. Political and religious communications argon slowly catching up to the printing tren d. Concurrently, publishing entities soon emerged. effect and publishing materialized as a profitable livelihood. It even became an essential tool for the diffusion of certifyation.Clandestine manuscript production containing wrongful ideas were comfortably produced and circulated due(p) to the ease of its production. Evidently, printing and publishing had a good impact on cerebral life. Impact of Printing on cerebral Life Prior to the advent of printing, everything had to be done by hand. pretend of it as diaries or journals, religious and medieval manuscripts are prepared by monks by copying the text. Biblical manuscripts and other books were handwritten and copied from a lot of the text source. These handwritten copies of books consist of attempts to reconstruct the original text.During that era, manuscripts were used as the means of storing and disseminating information, and the manuscript culture was basically dominated by monks until its intonation to the market i n the cities, along with the rise of universities. When Gutenberg introduced his printing system, it marked an improvement, at first, on the production of manuscripts, then on the production of books. His system revolutionized europiums book-making process that the technology expanded by means ofout the continent. Books were produced faster than before. fast-paced production of books means one thing an affix of literacy.With this wide dispel increase in literacy rate, intellectual quests took off. The people have become thirsty for more knowledge, and printing became an essential tool to advance the academic pursuits. Gutenbergs printing system, regarded as the closely important guile of the second millennium, has been a secernate factor in the European Renaissance. With his printing system, the cultural movement slow spread byout Europe. It allowed the people easy access to books. In addition, the invention of the printing system helped in the assimilation of Greek and Ar abic knowledge. unsullied and ancient ideas, which were lost through time have been revived and disseminated. The metempsychosis of these ideas fuelled the quest for rediscovery of ancient knowledge that had been long forgotten. While these old ideas were revived, falsehood thought were also spawned and disseminated. Combined with the technology of printing, intellectual pursuits were easily advanced. The printing technology also facilitated the social and political upheavals at that time through the airing of clandestine printed articles containing unorthodox views that challenged mainstream thought.Thus, printing afforded wide latitude of political freedom. It made the political atmosphere conducive for the advancement of revolutionary ideas. Printing and publishing also contributed to the transformation of scientific thought. Fundamentals in physics, uranology and biology were easily propagated with the use of printed materials. superannuated science has been easily supersed ed with the dissemination of these new ideas. Thus, the scientific revolution ensued. The scientific revolution paved the guidance for modern science as we know today.Galilei, Copernicus, Kepler, Newton and the others questioned the foundation of the old science. Their ideas contradicted the prevailing ideas at that time. Theoretical developments, thus, emerged. The printing system facilitated the propagation of Copernicus function on the heliocentric model of the solar system. In the 16th century, Copernicus contended that the cheer is the center of the solar system. This was received with opposition from the church. The church firmly adhered to geocentrism, which rigid the earth as the center of the universe.With the help of the printing system, information regarding Heliocentrism was easily sprinkle. With printing and publishing, these brilliant minds were able to easily communicate their knowledge through scholarly journals. It resulted to a greater awareness of things, whi ch were previously hidden from the public public. Dissemination of information gave an understanding of the information dispersed. With printing, the process was rapidly spread across Europe. Printed articles of classical thought were reprinted and widely spread.A curiosity on all things were intellectual was aroused. People have begun to engage in intellectual discussions hence, books have become a commodity. Book production evolved into a moneymaking(prenominal) enterprise. Accordingly, copyright laws were passed to protect these artistic and literary creations. This legal notion was conceptualized as a reaction to the advent of printing. Charles II of England was apprehensive about the unregulated production and copying of books. Moreover, printing helped established the standards of spelling and syntax.The English spoken communication also emerged as the language commonly used in most published works thus, the use of Latin declined. On the religious end, printing also facilit ated the Protestant Reformation. The movement was started an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. At that time, the Churchs hierarchy was plagued with turpitude. Many Catholics observed that false doctrines and malpractices were carried out. This corruption was seen as even reaching the position of the Pope. With the printing press, the reform movement advanced the culture of Biblical literacy.By the translating the Bible and making it unattached to the masses, the message was dispersed and made it more ready to hand(predicate) for the public. Moreover, Martin Luther, an Augustinian monk, also brocaded his protests against the Catholic Church. He discussed his discontent of the Churchs sale of indulgences. Because of the printing system, the swift dissemination of discontent was facilitated. Information relating to Luthers theological teachings was dispersed in the form of broadsheets, to the poor sector of society. These broadsheets evolved into newspapers.Presently, newspaper s are the most approachable tools for public information and written journalism. Information relating to political events, business and the society, among others, are disseminated. The wide circulation of newspapers as a means of communication was largely due to the advances of printing. Printing presses accelerated the process of making newspapers. With printing, intellectual innovations have progressed into something that we have today. The printing system has been a valuable tool in the dissemination of knowledge and information.Human advancements in the field of science, artistic and literary humankind have been realized. The rapid dispersal of information is attributable to the fast production of books and other scholarly articles. These would not have been realized were it not for printing. The invention of printing assisted in the proliferation of new thought. Ideas, both old and new, were unearthed. Ancient knowledge was rediscovered. Dissemination thereof was necessary in order to inform the general public thereof. The innovation of printing and publishing helped pushed these ideas to the open, making it accessible for the public to see.

Europe between the Wars: Fascism Essay

According to Stanley Payne, the term fascism root from the Latin word fasces which delineate bundle or union. Yet, these haggle cannot fully encapsulate nor even define what fascism more specifically Italian Fascism is all about. It had been commonly misused as to refer to violence, repression, dictatorship and barbarity removing any(prenominal) difference from the concept that were commonly associated with socialism. (p. 3) Seemingly, a clear trim definition of fascism is hard to catch up with because it does not live any seminal text that should realize defined its political, social and economic sake in contrast with other ideologies.Since this is the case, knowing the history of how the so-called fascist acts and the things they try to emphasize in the words they said, were substantial for anyone to have a more relevant understanding of the term or the word fascism. As an ideology, fascism considers the concerns of the individual along with those of the society as secondar y or indifferent to those of the whole advance.Primarily, it views the state as an organic living thing that is fabulous in a sense due to its belief in a national rebirth in the process of nti-ideological and pragmatic ideology that proclaims itself antimaterialist, antiindividualist, antiliberal, antidemocratic, anti-Marxist, is populist and anticapitalist in tendency, expresses itself aesthetically more than theoretically by meaning of a new political style and by myths, rites, and symbols as a write down trust designed to acculturate, socialize, and integrate the faith of the masses with the goal of creating a new man (Payne, p. 4) It was believed to be founded by Benito Mussolini as a political movement that espouses authoritarian dictatorship.It does not promote the concept of class fight back which makes it different from Marxism it is a revolutionary ideology which seeks to promote the Italian melt as part of aggressive nationalism programs which was associated or was said to have influenced Germans Nazism. (p. 225) It was believed to have started as an anti-communist group in the lead of Mussolini, in addition with the anti-socialist sentiments that had flood Italy during the 1920s as a final result of the workers upheaval.Mussolinis power doesnt actually come from his own cunningness but was derived from the ineffectiveness of the regime and the miscalculation made by the Socialist party. (p. 23-35) As the government of his time side with him in dictate to combat the socialism and the problems that it brought to the government and as the Socialist party remained sure-footed that they would reign Italy, Mussolini have managed to gradually gain popularity, trust and power. (p. 27)Domestically, Mussolinis actions were order to struggleds the restoration of Italy. He favored militarism and internationalism. He calls for the separation of the church and the state. in that location was in like manner a movement which replaced the labor uni ons with co-operatives that works ideally with the government in able to look create plans that would benefit both the workers and the state. (p. 55-67) He legislate laws which were in favor of private ownership and capitalization.His foreign policies admit the invasion of Ethiopia and the recognition of Roman Catholicism as the only religion in the state. (p. 55) This had resulted to the Anti-Semitic laws resulting to several other actions that were now being referred as racial discrimination. Seeing that his goals paralleled with those of the Nazi Germans, he had establish an coalition with them.His economic policies involve public works and the imposition of a state police under his party. (p. 25-317) Mussolini started the promotion of imperialism by directing a war with Ethiopia in view that this would redirect the attention and sympathy of the citizens. He had also aided fascist movement in Spain and accepted alliance with Germany. It is during these years that he started to decline in his prominence. (p. 225-317) Violence are viewed by Mussolini as liberating, deaths as a necessary sacrifice and wars as trials that must be overcome in reverence of the state.This is quite different from the Marxist Communism which according to Payne (p. 355) have qualified violence as an indispensable means to an endwhile gratuitously employing it en masseand almost unceasingly preached peace as ideal and goal, while massively militarizing their systems in utilisation. Italian Fascism might not have a core cling to system or an organized history, yet it had managed to influence other nations and it had been palmy in eradicating or at least minimizing the Socialist movement that have dominated in the 1920s.It promotes cultural liberalism by promoting capitalism under absolutism and nationalism. Although the ideal desire for hegemony and false judgment have led to the hurriedness of Mussolini, his actions, practices and ideology as whole have prompted several leade rs into evolution strands of political movements that resembles fascist vision and methods. The idea of focusing and putting the demand of the state above any personal needs indeed take into custody the hearts and minds of most citizens and has so far work even in the expense of many lives. (p. 355-358)

Mis-760 Citibank Case Study

MIS 760 IT Strategy model Study Citibanks E-Business Strategy for Global Corporate Banking Please prepargon an analysis of this oddball. Your write-up should be 4 to 7 pages. Each of the following questions should be addressed individually 1. What are the repairs of the profits on the competitive grace of corporate banking? Hint use Porters 5 forces) The statements below are the impacts of the profits on the competitive landscape of corporate banking * Intense competition which besides growthd the rivalry amongst existing competitors * The challenges of serving corporate nodes with a physique of inescapably in terms of size of organization and how progressive and fall in to change these companies were. Based on the resistance received this could force a threat of substitute products or expediencys. The aggressive changes that were being made by Citibank placed them a means head of the competition. This lead in front of their competitors could create clean alliances t o limit the gap. * The new trades that are potentially Citibanks creates a challenge to lower cost, improve efficiency while still concussion the needs of the customers. * The substitute products such as local banking and or senior systems which may not be as progressive as Citibank in terms of applied science. 2.What has Citibank done to distinctiate its e- line of products products from those of its competitors? Citibank was able to differentiate its e- chore products from those of its competitors by steering on customer enjoyment instead of only the tramp-line. Customer satisfaction was focused on the support, engine room and response conviction, making sure the clients matt-up confidence in the brand. The customer service of process along with the products are the reasons why Citibank is able to keep its recognition and loyalty throughout the world.Citibank used many technologies to get more clients satisfied such as ATMs, visit lines, and the paperless system of p ayments which is a secure business transaction for the customer. 3. What can Citibank do to create competitive improvements? In order for Citibank to create competitive advantage the following processes can be implemented * Find a way to lower prices on products while still increasing the bottom line. * wide awake and Web is very important to many individuals so having the ability to originate transitions via the previously mentioned methods will put them ahead of the competition. . How has Citibank successfully converted its handed-down money management business into an e-business? During the process of transforming traditional assets to digital assets, what issues should a company like Citibank take into account to ensure successful execution of instrument? Citibank successfully convert its traditional money management into an e-business system by giving convenience to the customers, (example the technology investments), flexibility, and staying ahead of the competition by c ommit in infra twist that would only make the experience better for the customer.The translation was done by becoming more centralized and foc utilise on the customers and investing in the right technology to improve efficiency and customer satisfaction. For example use of systems to manage the automatic touch on of transactions which reduces the time is takes to process and human errors as well. Also the online and real time processing with the direct access to the information for customers and employees, efficient working, cost savings and ottoman for customers.During the process of transforming traditional assets to digital assets, the issues Citibank should take into account to ensure a successful implementation are, consistency of data and the learning curve/impact for the customer. Citibank successfully responded to these changes with the different alliances with technological companies such as Oracle, SAP, Commerce sensation, expression a new global infrastructure integr ation products in new ways. 5. What actions has Citibank taken to serve the needs of two very different market segments, MNCs and SMEs?Citibank softened two different strategies for separately market segments, some of the strategies for MNCs are secure platforms to access services, local and global which can hold out stiff and worldwide capabilities. Also provide fraud and identity theft protection, present the advantages of online real time banking For the SMEs, Citibank offer rewards such as free internet access as the customers slowly progress into a fully online environment. The clients were not aware of the additional benefits of the internet, especially dealing with limited access so the free internet allowed for an easier transition. . How has Citibanks Cash and Trade Group managed to develop different e-business products for varied industries? With the market changing so rapidly, how does Citibank identify market needs? Citibank has managed to develop different e-busin ess products for diverse industries by utilizing the growing technology market and providing the convenience for their customers. The many products and services offered has been a success for each market segment because it meets the needs of each groups.Also the customers service lines, relationship managers and products specialists for the varied clients are required to identify the market needs and develop the new services according to the different industry segments. 7. One of Citibanks challenges is in managing vendors and suppliers without allowing them to exploit its clients. How does Citibank protect its clients from its strategic partners? Citibank managing vendors and suppliers without allowing them to exploit its clients by not sharing their clients information with the vendors and suppliers.This is very important because they are defend the privacy for the customers. Citibank was able to do so by using the suppliers technology without directly involving them, using the d ifferent suppliers applications, providing best customer service to their clients without charging spare service fee, and marketing or promotions from the suppliers. The goal is to give convenience to the customers using the Citibank applications providing customers full access to their accounts whenever or wherever without the hassle or headaches. 8. piece a SWOT analysis to evaluate Citibanks e-business outline.SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS * unite business units * Acquisitions * CitiDirect * Partnerships Oracle, SAP, & Commerce One Inc. * Centralized operations with much watchfulness focused on 1,400 large global corporations and institutional investors WEAKNESSES * Different clients and different needs * Service differentiation. This relates back to the different clients and needs because the service has to add to the client. * Vendor Citibank was working with and the issues when it came to supplier management OPPORTUNITIES * Creating a brand which is cognise for excellence.Bein g a pioneer of Web and busy support for their customers. * The global service market has a lot of room for growth. Citibank was one of the few doing business so it is possible to still take advantage and increase profits. They hold up the ability of first to market in this case. * As Citibank stick around to increase their business globally, it would service them best to take an opportunity to work with local business (not within the same market) to offer benefits to their customers. THREATS * Utilizing the web or mobile brings the concern of security. Threat of new entrance from competitors being able to offer lower prices, better incentives, and the technology to go with it. * Decrease in gross due to economic generation 9. How does this case demonstrate the alignment of an e-business schema with a companys overall business strategy? This case demonstrates the alignment of an e-business strategy with a companys overall business strategy by emphasizing Citibanks changes from traditional to a more e-business structure still being global, meeting the needs of the customers, and still improving bottom line doing so.Also the ability to offer a variety of products and services was in alignment with Citibanks business strategy because it had to meet the needs of various customers. The e-business strategy allowed them to do so successfully. 10. Beyond the case Citbank has hit hard times in the net several years. Do you think the strategy depict in this case helped in the decline or was this a beaming spot? Explain your answer. I think the strategy implemented was a bright spot for Citibank.It helped to gain more clients at different levels on a global perspective. The internet revolutionize the banking industry and changed the customers and clients expectations as it pertains to integrating its products and services in new ways. The hardship Citibank faced in the last several years, I believe had nothing to do with this strategy that more so economic. Ther e were many other factors in the market which contributed to the hard times. Once those factors are changed then Citibanks strategy will continue to benefit them in the long term.

What methods does Austen use to tell the story in Pride and Prejudice Chapter 43?

Jane Austen has started off chapter 43 using a arguetale(a) method in a three person narrative to tell us the eyewitness of the story of what we as lectors want to k right off, this is effective as Austen is describing the setting and the even that will take trust later on in the chapter. The superlative of suasion in this chapter of Pride and Prejudice is all-knowing as story is told through Elizabeth, but as a terzetto person. This chapter is a turning point of this reinvigorated as Elizabeth is starting to modifier gene her views on Mr. Darcy as Austen says there was certainly at this moment, in Elizabeths mind, a more gentle sensation towards the original. Elizabeth starts to change her feelings she had for Mr. Darcy after comprehend Mrs. Reynolds praise so much somewhat him describing him as sweet tempered and generous imageted. Furthermore, focalization is utilise throughout this chapter continuously as Elizabeths point of view is organism narrated although Aus ten speaks she narrates it through Elizabeths speeches and views.In this chapter when Elizabeth takes a trip to Pemberley, Austen tells the reader that her spirits go into a high flutter as presently as she sees a sight of it, this institute the reader she had a small-minded(a) bit of excitement in her that she will be comprehend Mr. Darcy. As in the previous chapter when Elizabeth turns down his proposal she now suddenly has a thought that to be the mistress of Pemberley might be roughlything this shows the readers that Elizabeth point of view towards Darcy is starting to change slowly where as in the previous chapters she would neer have thought of this idea, Austen showed the readers using a foreshadowing method in the previous chapters that Elizabeth later on in the novel at some point will change her feelings toward Darcy even if she doesnt completely like him.As Elizabeth and her aunt, uncle are driving into the Pemberley Park, Austen uses a lot of descriptive language to claim the readers by capturing their attention. Even though she had a lot in her mind, she quench admired every second she saw while driving into the viridity as Austen using the telling method informs the readers that Elizabeth was delighted. She had never seen a place for which nature had done more, or when natural beauty had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste. the nature of it was complemented by art such as by the artificial landscaping. Here Jane Austen expresses the beauty of the grounds as a beautiful wood and a large lovely stone construct. This automatically has an effect on Elizabeths views. Although she was excited she still did not weigh forward to meeting its owner as Austen using a exhibit method informs the readers near Elizabeths feelings. In this chapter Austen to a fault uses contrast of the two pose that Elizabeth saw such as Lady Catherines at Rosings which might be compared with Mr. Darcy as Austen says through Elizabeths point of view Th e rooms were lofty and loose and Elizabeth saw, with admiration of his taste that is was neither gaudy nor uselessly fine, with less of splendour, and more real elegance, than the furniture of Rosings contrast is effective in this chapter show the Austen describing the variety between two entities. The house and grounds of Darcy reflect his character and tastes.For a moment Elizabeth realises that she has some kind of regret that she rejected Darcys proposal as she says This was a lucky recollection it had saved her from something like regret. Austen has yet presented the readers with another evidence that Elizabeths views were changing toward Darcy. As Mrs. Reynolds threads Darcys character to Elizabeth, she realises that is completely different from what she had seen as Mrs. Reynolds says I do not know is good becoming for his good temper.As before long as Mrs. Reynolds asks Elizabeth whether she thinks Darcy is handsome, she blushes and says Yes, very handsome Austen thro ugh showing method shows the readers that Elizabeth was blushing as soon as Mrs. Reynolds asked her a question close to Darcy as she says Elizabeth coloured through third person narrative, this is effective because the readers get to see the overview of Elizabeths feeling changing slowly. When Mrs. Reynolds describe Darcy as sweet tempered Elizabeth with shock questions herself saying Can this be Mr. Darcy? as se couldnt believe her ears, her firmest opinion of Mr. Darcy was quite the opposite one, and now she is only hearing good about him. Elizabeth becomes quite eager to hear more of Mr. Darcy as Austen informs the readers that her feelings are changing. Austen has also used different plectrum of punctuation as Elizabeth speech uses exclamation mark to show her weapons-grade feelings.Elizabeth now has realized that Mr. Darcy used to smile at her when their eyes met as Austens informs the readers as she remembered to have sometime seen, when he looked at her, she used prominen t irony in Elizabeths speech in chapter 6 when Elizabeth and charlotte talk about Jane as Elizabeth tells Charlotte that Mr. Bingley is simpleton not to discover Janes affection where as she was some describing her situation because she also missed out on Darcys affection as she now realizes it. Elizabeth also questions herself making herself believe that what praise is more worthful than a praise of an intelligent servant? Austen tells the readers that her views on Darcy are being changed a lot as she is now starting to question herself of wherefore she had so much prejudice toward him through a showing method, also the use of exclamation mark showing her strong feelings.As soon as Darcy comes and talks to Elizabeth, Austen through telling method informs the readers that she was starting to show affection toward him by being shy and blushing which is a symbol of love. She also started to care about what might have thought about her when they were talking whereas in the previous chapter she did not careless about his feelings as Austen says whether he had felt more pain or pleasure seeing her. She is very strike to see that Darcy changed his manners for her sake as she tells Mrs. Gardiner it cannot be for me, it cannot be for my sake that his manners are thus softened Austen has used italic on personal pronouns to emphasize Elizabeths feelings and views as she is very surprised to see Darcy changing his character for a lady who didnt tempt him when he saw her.When Darcy asks Elizabeths permission to be introduced to his sister which is Miss Darcy, she feels honored as Austen through telling method informs the readers about this as she says but she was flattered and lucky she was so happy to hear such a complement from Mr. Darcy as it was of the highest kind. Elizabeth feels guilty for having prejudice towards Mr. Darcy however she doesnt say anything as she remains cincture quite about that subject. Darcy has won her affection and Elizabeth has dropped h er wrong views that she had also about him as Darcy spoke to her with perfect civility and with civil enquiries, she feels astonished by Darcys altered behaviour just for her.Pride and Prejudice is a novel in which Jane Austen has used several techniques concerning the sense of place to create a fine novel of mannerisms, misjudgments, and mayhem. Austens choice of word moved Elizabeths feelings towards Darcy in a way that whatever he did and said to her she admired it. Through a dialogue of Mrs. Reynolds and Elizabeths aunt and uncle, Austen introduces Darcys real characteristics to the readers. There is also use of naive language in this chapter for example when Austen uses the term adieu and vexation to show the readers the time period it was set in as well as wanting us to see the aspect of life.

Pharmaceutical Companies

Questions for Review 1. Pharmaceutical companies do collapse a debt instrument to distribute drugs for a low cost in developing and worthlesser countries. Africas GDP, and per capita income is very low so they cannot afford to buy top flavour medicines. One main argument for this approach is the AIDS epidemic in Africa. A main argument against this is that the treatment for AIDS is very high-ticket(prenominal) to provide to a whole country for free. 2. The principal arguments of pharmaceutical companies that compensate make exceptions to IPR law for developing countries are national treatment that is fit of foreign and domestic nationals.Most-favored-nation treatment and the equal treatment of all WTO members. Also, technical progress. One last argument is how to provide nice protection for this, and enforcing it. The arguments by NGOs and others to relax IPR laws are to end trade pressure on poor countries in health care industry disputes. 3. I would expect southwestern Af ricas decision to levy duties on drug imports from western nations to have a prejudicious impact on the international distribution of drugs to second Africa. If it is already expensive and hard to get drugs to AIDS patients in Africa, making them more expensive will not help. .In my opinion, I feel handle this was an appropriate change of policy because it did lower prices on drugs. Some negative ramifications of this resolutions is that the price wouldnt drop low enough. 5. I do not think it was necessary to relax IPR rules in order to ensure that adequate supplies of AIDS medications would be available for distribution in the developing domain of a function because the US took initiative to fix high drug prices and low-quality health infrastructures. 6. MNCs have an ethical responsibility in providing funding to international organizations wish the global fund to help cure AIDS

Hypercompetition

Jouma of trade Management, 1997, 13, 4 2 1 3 0 Evert Gummesson Stockholm University, School of Business, Stockholm, Sudden In wait of Marketing chemical equilibrium kin Marketing Versus Hyper rivalry This topic is a banter on work in progress conceming tke development qf relationship foodstuff (RM). It is cut officularly steeringed on the concept of trade counter eternal rest which is a groceryplaceing commission correspondence to mart equilibrium, the traditional concept of classical economic. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the authors accession to RJ4.It final payment with a summary of the concept of merchandising equilibrium. The next section is a discourse on hypercontention, a partiailarly intense type of contender that has been spy by several authors. RM poke outs a merchandising theory base on quislingism with various stakeh onetime(a)ers by long-run relationships, customer retention and loyalty. In contrast, hypercompetitiett claims th at customers uHU switch mingled with suppUers at an inaeasingly fast rate and that competitors pass on turn increasingly hostile to one an a nonher(prenominal).Two basic questions be raised do RM and hyper disputation represent two conflicting but coexisting trends that arc some(prenominal) growing in intensity? and How nates this coexistence or conflict be conceptu aloney handled? Tlie aim qf this paper is non to be complete and supply an answer, only to draw the readers attention to hypercompetition as an opposite trend to RMand to offer a platform for yet analysis and constructive and reflective scholarly converse. The 30R Approach to R M The 30R approach to RM is the out get set(p) of an ongoing look project on the refreshed markedng (Gummesson 1994, 1995). 0R refers to thirty reladonships that were assemble to exist in merchandise. During the research physical change, iii core variables stood out relatiorahips, networks and interacdon. A consequent definid on of RM wherefore became RM is selling seen as reladonships, networks and interacdon. The 3ORs wiU not be listed here, but their basic organise wiU be implementn. A distinction is gain between merchandise reladonships (reladonships between actors in the market such as suppUers, customers, compedtors and in boundaryedieiries), nd two types of non-market reladonships which physical exertion an influence on market reladonships, but ar not part of the market propier. These ar mega reladonships (reladonships in society, above the market reladonships, such as reladonships to political sympathiess) and nano reladonships (reladonships inside organizadons, such as intemal customer reladonships). Services markedng and ttie network approach to industrial trade have provided the primary theoredcal impietus for the author to explore the shortcomings 0267-257X/97/050421 + 10 $12. 00/0 1997nte Dryden Press 422Evert Gummesson of traditional trade management theory. both theories were bom in the 1970s and have continued to giow in importance. The authors idea to intermingle the two goes concealment to 1982 and has since been pursued and b bridle-pathened (Gummesson 1983, 1987, 1995). The term RM, however, was not used in a global sense until about 1990 (see e. g. Christopher et al. 1991 Groru-oos 1994 Gummesson 1994 Hunt and Morgan 1994 Sheth 1994). Instead, terms ukulele long-term inter alert relationships, interactive merchandise, network approach and a new concept of marketing were used.My resejtrch approach is theory generating and establish on comparative, qualitative analysis and syniiieses between data from inductive, real- military man studies received theories and new theories in the process of development. Marketing Equilibrium This section is an introduction to the general concept of marketing equilibrium and a discussion on certain aspects of the equilibrium. Marketing equilibrium is a serendipitous out buzz off of the authors research on RM. The concept is pass on elaborated in Gummesson (1995, 19%). The three forces of marketing equilibrium atomic number 18 competition, collaboration and formulas/institutions.Although Western economies are repeatedly referred to as market economies with sinless competition as their ethos, in reality they are mixed economies in which competition coexists with collaboration and regulations/ institutions. Marketing equilibrium contends that a sound market is the outcome of an optimal compounding of the three forces of competition, collaboration and regulatiorw/institutions. As all kinds of equilibria in dynanuc envirorunents are unstable, it is a matter of heading toward a pitiful target, orJy rarely reaching it and only rarely staying there for any long-term period of time.Whereas traditional marketing management literature primarily deals with competition, RM highlights collaboration. coaction implies that aU parties actively assume responsibility to propose relationships function al. The authors conclusion is that The focus on collaboration is the about important contribution from RM, with an impact on both marketing management and economics, and that collaboration in a market rescue needs to be treated with the same attention and resped as competition. Although the third force, regulations/institutions, is not the theme of this paper, a fewer words go out be said about it.Regulations indude both formal regulations through legislation, and open codes of conduct through culture institutiorts are both formal regime whose task is to ascertain that regulations are enforced, and phenomena such as the family or godliness that enforce a certain behaviour. In marketing rhetoric, regulations/institutionsand to a vauntingly extent as well collaboration are treated with suspidon and as inhibiting competition and the fighting(a)s Inputs to the 30R concept as well came from traditional marketing management, sales management, gauge management, orgaruzation th eory, and other areas. The term real world data is iised here alternatively of empirical data. Thereasonis that too often researchers in business subject slide empirical for qiiantitative, while in the geiieral language of sdence empirical refers to all types of data, whrther they come as qualitative, quantitative, or in any other format. In lookup of Marketing Equilibrium Rdationship Marketing vs Hypercompetition 423 of an economic system. In narketing practice, however, they are ubiquitous. Douglass noneth, Nobel Prize honorable in the economic sdences in 1993, has sh possess that regulations/institutions are dynamic and inevitable elements of a narket economy (North 1993).Marketing equiUbrium attempts to see the role of marketing management in the stage setting of sodety and on an industry and economics level. It should not be confused with the market equiUbrium of neoclassical theory of economics ( likewise referred to as microeconomics or simply bell theory). In neocla ssical economics, the core variables are supply and demand equilibrate by the invisible hand of price in a market of free competition. The market is assumed to be striving in the management of a longterm equiUbrium in which aU prices are equal and all products are standardized. Customers and providers are anonymous masses.Companies and industries are not managing their production and sales, they are orUy adjusting to exogenic market influences. All deviations from this idealized model axe referred to as cast-off(prenominal) im idealions. Although marketing management is offen described as an adaptation of neodassical economics, it is blatantly unmistakable from nevertheless a simple real-world study of markets, industries and singular companies, that a variant plantation for a marketing management theory is imperative. For example, services which induce anything from 60 to 90% of todays economies (depending on definition) are not considered.The assumptions of neoclassical e conomics are simply not vaUd. There are signs that the interest in coUaboration is gaining ground not only in real business bearing but also in marketing theory the most axiomatic being the upsurge of literature on RM and related subjects such as customer loyalty and alUances. Brandenbuier and Nalebuff (1996) introduce the term co-opetition, which is a combination of co-operation and competition. They show that zippy theory is one possible focussing of exploring this combination (the prisoners dilemma).Gray (1989) points to coUaboration as a solution to multi-party problem and says (p. 54) Despite regnant incentives to collaborate, our capacity to do so is underdeveloped. In the same spirit Senge (1990), in his treatise on learning organizations and the need for dialogue says (p. 10) Interestingly, the practice of dialogue has been preserved in many primitive cultures but it has been almost tout ensemble lose to modem sodety. Today, the prindples and practices of dialogue are being redbcovered and put into a modern-day context.EMalogue UteraUy elbow room tlunking together There is ein extensive literature on competition both in marketing and economics. Particularly the books by doorkeeper (1979, 1985) have received the attention of marketers. No effort wiU be made here to review the various aspeds of competition the treatment of competition pass on be directed to its role in the marketing equilibrium and to the properties of hypercompetition. In market economies, competition is hailed as the device driver of economic evolution and a necessary condition for wealth. The customer is given a choice, and a supplier can never be sure to have the customer in its pocket.ITiis is a traditional view advocated by the business community, and to an extent also by the pubUc sector in many countries where deregiilation and privatization have become foreeful strategies. The countries of the Westem worldthe capitalist sodetiesare not genuine draw Hunt and Morgan (1 995) for further analysis of the shortcomings of neoclassical theory. 424 Evert Gummesson market economies. They are mixed economies in which market forces and regulations have entered into wedlock. In totally unregulated markets only few can obtain the necessities of life.For example, free markets give large corporations the freedom to trigger competition, and those who cannot compete on the labour market are left to bounty or misery. The oppositetotal regulation leads to rigidity. There is no general formula that tells us in what projx)rtions individual discretion and collective regulation should be mixed. Every market and period have to find their own specific solution. competition is a driver of certain types of change. Even if RM puts dialect on collaboration, I would like to see RM as a deductive reasoning of competition, collaboration and regulations/institutions.The issue is which combination of these will create the balancethe marketing equilibrium in each sptedfic si tuation. If either of the three forces becomes unduly powerful, the economy will suffer regulations/institutions is the sole force of a planned economy. To whatsoever extent there is a naive belief in competition to set everything right. The global wave of privatization and deregulation is a reaction in markets that have become stified. It is an effort to find a marketing equilibrium. bureaucratic and legal values have often led to a misguide interference by politidans and an unreal belief in centralized promise of sodety.Although the term deregulation implies that regulations are abandoned, it is a search for more(prenominal) comme il faut laws and institutions which can become supportive to constructive forces of sodety and hold back negative forces Deregulation is reregulation Some of the more conspicuous results from deregulation are found in the split up of Bell in the US and bailiwick telecom operators in many countries have lost their monopoly the privatization of Brit ish government bodies such as the British Rail and the Airport Authority and the most dramatic of all, the breakdown of the communist planned economies.However, nobody so uttermost has been able to overview the long-term effects of deregulation and privatization. There are necessary elements of the market economy that competifion and the free market forces do not master. They can be expressed in two paradoxes. The graduation paradox says regulations are needed to secure that free competition will not be curbed. In spite of adl sweet talk about competition, every individual company or industry prefers to be spared the hazards of competitions (but they consider it essential for other comparues and industries). The second paradox says The finding of competition is to get rid of competition. controversy attempts to flinch the infiuence of other suppliers by lower costs and prices, differentiated and difficult-tocopy offerings, or ascendency of aimed market niches. Hypercompetition The ideas on a new type of competition will be assembled under the umbrella concept of hjfpercompetition. They are taken from many sources, among them DAveni (1994), Hamel and Prahalad (1994), Moore (1996), and Verbeke and Peelen (1996). The term hypercompetition was first found in DAveni and the ensuing discussion on hypercompefition is mainly based on his concepts, but the comparison with RM strategies and the conclusions are my own.In marketing management and strategy, the recommendation is usually mod that companies should build a sustainable competitive favor, thus limiting In Search of Marketing Equilibrium Relationship Marketing vs Hypercompetition 425 price competition or redden creating a monopoly-Uke situation. Hypercompefition is the opposite a company should actively disrupt status quo and the accepted competitive advantages, both its own and those of competitors, in an environment of hypercompetition, advantages are cursorily created and eroded.Hypercompefition tre nds are identified in four scene of actions of traditional competition (DAveni 1994, pp. 13-17) /. cos/ and quality arena For example, upstarts Uke Southwest Airlines attack estabUshed carriers by slash costs or enhancing quaUty, thus lowering the bottom of the market and rhytidoplasty the top of it. This behaviour counteracts the RM strategy of frequent flyers programmes. 2. Timing and know-hot/ arena The first mover in the nnarket whitethorn create an advantage and sets up impediments to imitation. succeeding(a) quickly try to overcome these, fordng the first mover to change its tactics.The know-how put-upon by one company is imitated by another and imitation becomes scurrying and faster eventually the innovator cannot recapture its R&D investment. 3. Strongholds arena Companies create entry barriers to keep the competition out Entrants circumvent the barriers, adult rise to a series of attacks and counterattacks. This is au and soticly happening in intenontinental send ser vices between major American carriers and national European carriers. The current war for mastery over the Intemet, with Microsoff and Netscape as the combatants, is another example. 4.Deep pockets arena This souseds having more money than the competition. The finandally stronger and usuaUy larger companies can endure price competition from smaUer companies. The latter, however, can caU upon govemment regulations and form aUiances with others, thus balancing out the financJal advantage. In marketing equilibrium, regulations is one of the balancing forces, and alliances is a collaborative RM strategy. For example, Microsoffs financial advantage has been counteracted by the aUiance between IBM and Apple. Information technology is a driver of hypercompetition.By using databases it is possible, and wiU be more so in the future, to quickly survey prices and other conditions, and select the best combination at each point of time. Purchasing then becomes close to the system of exchanges. But even if comparisons of suppUers are made easier for customers, so many conditions are not comparable, for example, to 426 Evert Gummesson what extent can you effrontery the supplier. Trust and security are basic condidons for collaboradon and trust has proven to be a driver of business in all types of sodedes (Fukuyama 1995).DAveni concludes that the battle for compeddve advantage is eventuaUy driving the market back into a price-compieddve market. The outcome is the neodassical long-term equilibrium, although the road to this equiUbrium goes via marketing equilibrium and not just via price adjustments. He refers to the old compedfive equilibrium as looking stable because it moved so late that it appeared stable. Hypiercompeddon is a coristant invoke of disequiUbritim. DAveni deploys a revised 7Ss framework to propose hypiercompeddve strategies.The professional 7Ss designed by the McKinsey consulting companycomprise seven factors for success structure, strategy, systems, st yle, skills, staff, and divided up values. Successful hypiercompeddve firms need a new set of Ss in sound out to create disrupdon (p. 31ff). The first new S is stakeholder satisfacdon, referring to new ways of creating fulfil customers and a modvated eind empowered work force. The second is strategic soothsajdng a process of seeking out new knowledge necessary for predicting or even creating new temporary windows of opportunity that compiedtors wiU eventuaUy enter but are not now served by anyone else (p. 2). The comparafive advantage of these two factors is the abiUty to win each dynamic strategic acdon with compiedtors (p. 32). The third and fourth Ss are spieed and surprise, both capabiUdes for disrupdon. The hypercompeddve company both reacts more quickly and is proacdve, thus taking the market with surprise. The final three are tacdcs for disrupdon. Shifting the rules includes new ways of sadsfying the customers and playing the marketing game with a new set of rules. Signals refer to announcements of strategic intent with the purpose of stalling acdons and misleading compiedtors.For example, a preannouncement of a coining product may make customers wait to see the new version and postpone planned purchases of competing products. simultaneous and sequendal strategic thrusts are used by hypercompieddve firms to harass, paralyze, induce errors, or square block compiedtors (p. 34). Several acdons are taken at the same dme in combinadons that make it difficult to understand what a compiedtor is actuaUy up to. In summary, whereas RM strives for stabiUty through long-term reladonships, hypercompieddon strives for continuous disrupdon at an increasingly faster rate.In RM, security is found in stabiUty in hypercompeddon it is fotind in the ability to continuously counteract instabiUty. The RM concept is by many authors broadened to comprise more than the suppUercustomer dyad,* for example, reladonships through alUances which is a way of counteracting hyperco mpieddon. The imaginary organizadon is a network-based company which transcends the tradidonal organizadonal boundaries. It can more freely lease Jind drop resources through outsourcing (or rather resourcing) instead of investing in tradidonal ontogenesis (intemal or through acquisidon) the advantage of the deep pocket is thus offset. See Christopher et al. (1991), Kotler (1992), and Hunt and Morgan (1994), who have approached marketing as relationships with a series of stakeholders. This is in line with the 30R approach, but flie 3ORs go further and also establish relationships based on other than the stakeholder dimension. See Hedberg et al. (1994). Other terms representing the same phenomenon are virtual organizations, boundarykss organizations, and rwtwork organizations. In Search of Marketing Equilibrium Relationship Marketing vs Hypercmnpetition 427DAveni (1994) discusses the role of co-operation and collusion and says that they should only be used for hypercompetitive purpo ses. They are not long-term relationships, they are merely temporary strategies. He lists a fig of generic instances of hypercompetitive use of collaboration (pp. 338-339) to gang up against others groups to limit the land of competition to biuld resojirces to buy time to gain access and to leam. Hunt and Morgan (1995) allude a comparative advantage theory of competition within a marketing management paradigm, and they present a devastating critique of neoclassical economics.DAvenis conclusions are contrary to Hunt and Morgans he rewrites neoclassical theory, using marketing management theory as a lever. Interpreted in my terms, we drop by the wayside from the original and simple form of neoclassical market equilibrium, go through a phase of marketing equilibrium, and arrive at a more sophisticated level of market equilibrium. Hjrpercompietition goes beyond the neoclassical theory of perfect connpetition and restores it on a new level. Through a series of luxuriant moves, where competitive advantage is surpassed, an escalation toward perfect competition develops.This means that we are back in transaction marketing, the very evil to which RM is held to be the antidote. Conclusions for Discussion This paper has dealt with certain aspects of marketing equilibrium, one of several RM issues that preoccupy the authors nund during the ongoing research joumey into the world of RM. The paper is limited to the two trends of collaboration, advanced by the RM concept, and hypercompetition, advanced by authors on strategy and competition. A paradox is seemingly a contradiction it is not in actual fact a contradiction. An oxymoron is a combination of two phenomena that cannot be combined.So the first question in the line of descent of the paper could be rephrased are RM and hypercompetition forming a paradox or an oxymoron? When I read up on the current literatxire on competition, I found that the new competition was described as more fierce and faster than ever before . It had affinity with marketing warfare which was in vogue in the 19S0s. It certainly seemed contradictory to the RM idea of long-term relationships and collaboration. In my present suppose of ignorance the answer is within the concept of the marketing equilibrium, both competition and collaboration coexist. They can do so and will do so.Our attention has to be directed to both of them. When competition becomes hypercompetition, collaboration may become hypercollaboration. Could it be that hypercompetition is the current driver of the upsuiging interest in RM and that RM tries to neutralize the effects of hypercompetition? To be Continued As this is work in progress, the issues that have been presented are not complete and the views are tentative and wiil be further studied. Among other issues concerning marketing equilibrium that are also being studied are the following Tlie marketing equilibrium which has so far been described could be seen as 28 Evert Gumntesson partial marketi ng equiUbrium. The RM researdi project is suggesting an extention into complete marketing equilibrium. It consists of a synthesis of RM and the theory of imaginary organizations where not only the market but also the organizations (suppUers, customers, competitors and others) and sodety are included in a network of interactive relationships (Hedberg et al. 1994 Gummesson 1996). In traditional marketing management and economics, the market is outside the company and nrketing activities are directed toward extemal customers.But there are also markets inside the company and marketing activities take place between intemal customers. This is laid bare in the treatment of the nano relationships of the 30R approach. Both intemal and extemal customers interact in networks of relationships. The boundaries between the inside and the outside have dissolved and both can be seen as parts of the same networks. Another area is the black economy with tax evasion, bribery, fraud, and organized crime as additional and disrupting forces of competition. One of the relationships in the 30R approach is named The Criminal communicate.For example, Blumberg (1989) has pointed out that the strength of the market economy competition and the profit incentiveencourages fraud. It pays to cheat He calls this the paradox of the market economy. Everybody is old(prenominal) with it from jobs and private consumption, but it is swept under the carpet in marketing theory and textbooks. The Literature prefers the idealized image competition as the driver to create customer satisfaction and customer perceived quality to give customers everything they want and are willing to pay for and to offer numerous options for consumers.Customers are asked about satisfaction and quality, but their knowledge is limited and the ignorance of the customer is exploited. neither market economies through competition, nor command economies through regulations, have proven themselves fit of handling environmental a nd ecological issues. What has been achieved is primarily the outcome of voluntary printing press group activity and law enforcement. warring forces have clearly not provided enough incentive for the market to innovate and reinnovate in the field.One of the relationship in the 30R approach is The Green Relationships, adding a relationship angle to environmental issues. plausibly most of the achievements for a long time will only come through legislation (regulations), tight control and litigation (institutions). Can the marketing equilibrium conceptually include environmental and ecological issues? After the topic Presentation An Addendum In the discussion following its presentation, the paper was criticized on two points in peirticular (1) The choice of the term marketing equiUbrium.The critics said and some were dearly provoked by the term that it gives the wrong connotation and that the term is so heavily committed to neoclassical economic theory that large number will not be able to see my point. Suggested substitutes were dynamic balance or optimal combination. EquiUbrium, it was claimed, conveys the idea that such a state exists and it is just a matter of time long-term, though) before it is reached. In defense force of the term but I intend to give it more thought) I would like to claim that equilibrium can be perceived as dynamic and unattainable, but still have a value n Search of Marketing Equilibrium Relationship Marketing vs Hypercompetition 429 in providing direction, although the trip is a never-ending journey. Perhaps the provocation as such is o( value. When a new thought or term is met with aggressions from several established scholars it may have hit a sore spot it may even be important. The original intention was to show that equilibrium from the idealized and imrealistic assumptions of neoclassical theory could be supplemented by a marketing management-oriented equilibrium based on real-world premises.Neoclassical economics current ly seems to be no more than a computer game for adult entertainment and career boosting under the dissemble of sdence. To me, the contrast between market and marketing, designating an economics versus a management approach but still indicating affinity, makes the term expressive. Whatever term I choose, however, I am confident that economists and me-too researchers wiU not be impressed. 2. Hyper was claimed by Americans to mean too much, for example a hyperactive child is active to a degree that implies mental and/or physical disorder.The British perceived it as very much, for example a hypermarket which is a bigger European version of a supermarket. Maybe this is evidence of the validity of Oscar Wildes control that England and America are two countries separated by a vernacular language. On the other hand, maybe too much is also a correct interpretation. For many of us, hypercompetition is probably too much. Personally, it makes me nervous. References Blumberg, P. (1989), The P redatory Society, parvenu York, Oxford University Press. Brandenburger, A.M. and Nalebuff, B. J. (1996), Co-opetition, Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press. Christopher, M. , Payne, A. and Ballant)Tie, D. (1991), Relationship Marketing, London, Heinemarm. DAveni, R,A. (1994), Hypercompetition, bran-new York, The drop off Press. Fukuyama, F. (1995), Trust, New York, The Free Press. Gray, B. (1989), Collaborating, San Francisco, CA, Jossey-Bass. Gronroos, C. (1994), Quo vadis, marketing? Towards a relationship marketing paradigm, Joumal of Marketing Martagement, 10, No. 4 Gummesson, E. 1983), A New Concept of Marketing, paper presented at the 1983 EMAC Annual Conference, Institut dEtudes Commerdales de Grenoble, France, April. Gummesson, E. (1987), The New Marketing Developing retentive-term Interactive Relationships, Long Range Planning, 20, No. 4, pp. 10-20. Gummesson, E, (1994), Making Relationship Marketing Operational. The internationalistic Joumal of Service Industry M anagement, 5, No. 5, pp. 5-20. Gummesson, E. (1995), Relationsmarknadsforing Frdn 4P till 30R (Relationship Marketing From 4Ps to 3ORs), Malmo, Sweden Liber-Hermods (forthcoming in English).Gummesson, E. (1996), Relationship Marketing and Imaginary Organizations A Synthesis, European Joumal of Marketing, 30, No. 2, pp. 31-44. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994), Competing for the Future, Boston, MA Harvard Business School Press, 1994, 430 Epert Gummesson Hedberg, B. , Dahlgren, G. , Hansson, J. and Olve, N. -G. (1994), Imagindra organisationer (Imaginary Organizations), Malmfi, Sweden Liber-Hermods. Hunt, S. D. and Morgan, R. M. (1994), Relationship Marketing in the epoch of Network Competition. Marketing Management, 3, No. 1, pp. 9-28. Hunt, S. D. and Morgan, R. M. (1995), The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition, Joumal qf Marketing, 59, April, pp. 1-15. Kotter, P (1992), Total Marketing, Business Week Advance, Executive Brief, Vol. 2. Moore, J. E (1996), The Death of Com petition, Chichester, UK, Wiley. North, D. C. (1993), Economic Performance Through Time. Stockholm, The Nobel Foundation, Prize call down in Economic Science in Memory qf Alfred Nobel, Stockholm, December 9. Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategy, New York, The Free Press. Porter, M. E. 1985), Competitive Advantage, New York, The Free Press. Senge, P. M. (1990), The Fifth Discipline. New York Doubleday/Currency. Sheth, J. N. (1994), The Donnain of Relationship Marketing. Handout at the Sectmd Research Conference on Relationship Marketing. Centre for Relationship Marketing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, June. Verbeke, W. and Peelen, E. (1996), Redefining the New SeUing Practices in an Era of Hyper Competition. Paper presented at the workshop Relationship Marketing in an Era qf Hypercompetition, Erasmus University and EIASM, Rotterdam, May.

Penn foster study guide Essay

Welcome to Fundamentals of Early childhood Education We expect that this course will add to your knowledge and helpyou form impertinent opinions about a subject in which yourealready arouseeducating young children.KNOW YOUR TEXTBOOKYour textbook for this course is Foundations of EarlyChildhood Education Teaching Children in a Diverse Settingby Janet Gonzales-Mena. Its important that you read thematerial in your textbook and lead until its completelyfamiliar to you. This is the material on which your examinations are based. The satisfy of the textbook is divided into three sectionsPart 1Foundations of the Teaching- eruditeness ProcessThe spot of the Early Childhood EducatorPart 2Foundations of Curriculum intend forLearningPart 3Foundations for Formal Education Planning forLearningAs you read the chapters within those parts, youll discover the following featuresChapter introductions, which provide overviewsChapter outlines, which range key topicsSections titled In This Chapter Youll Discover, which provide a list of things you should deal in the chapter Marginal links that connect key content to the guinea pig Association for the Education of Young Children earlychildhood program standardsYour examples should be descriptions of specific incidents. For example, a child may have had a enigma separatingfrom a parent the day that you observed.You woulddescribe exactly how the caregiver or teacher handledthe situation and redirected the child. Giving a generaldescription or providing brief examples of how the caregiver or teacher interacts with the all the children in the dwell isnt sufficient for this part of your summary.3. What is the guidance and discipline policy utilise at thefacility?Clearly explain how misbehavior is handled.4. What did you like beat and least about the program?This part of your summary should state your views ofthe program. cover three points you liked about theprogram and three points you didnt like. offer specific examples t o illustrate each point.5. What are some suggestions for improvement? In this partof your report, discuss some ways in which you feel the grapheme of the program could be improved. What do youthink could be done other than that would better meetthe needs of the children in the setting? Remember, eventhe crush environment can be improved. List at least cardinalsuggestions for improvement.Make any other needed revisions. Revise as some times asyou feel necessary, and then correct your report for spell and grammar. Your final submission should be typed in a12-point font with type formatting.

Black People and James Baldwin

Deborah Lee full stop 1 May 28,2012 Supplemental Reading Assignment A. The theme of Baldwins essay is alludeity. He establishes this theme in his essay with the juxtaposition of a poor white man and a slow man. In this essay, Baldwin speaks of how pack atomic number 18 continually pointing out to me the wretchedness of white commonwealth in order to console me for the wretchedness of blacks. He says that batch say that world black is not that bad because there are white hoi polloi in the same situation and that there is still hope for the black because of large number like Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis but it is still not something to be regarded with complacency because the situations of Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis are just rare. Equality in the States at the time was possible with determined will, but still really rare. Another way James Baldwin established the theme of equality in this essay was when he mentioned the projects, more specifically, Riverton.Baldwin estab lishes this theme of equality through mentioning Riverton for Riverton was a physical representation of the inequality of blacks and whites in America back then. Baldwin said, The people in Harlem know they are living there because white people do not think they are skilful enough to outlive anywhere else. There was going to be no equality if people were told to live in certain places because of their color. Baldwin also makes this theme extremely effloresce when he says, Negroes want to be treated like men. B.The tone of the essay, ordinal Avenue, Uptown A letter from Harlem by James Baldwin and the tone of the verse, study for English B by Langston Hughes are similar. They are similar for some(prenominal) authors show that there is hope for equality through the tone of for each one text. In the poem, Theme for English B, Hughes says You are white / yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. / Thats American. Hughes expresses that although he may be the only black person in his class, he is still American like the rest of the class and should be con lookred equal.The tone of the essay and poem is different from the poem Incident by Countee Collen. This poems tone is complete opposite from the other poem and essay for Collen uses more of a doubtful tone. This poem is more close to just being sad and bothered that blacks and whites are not equal instead of being hopeful for the equality of the two races that is soon to pay back like the other poem and essay. C. The locations on race in these texts are different than in To slay a Mockingbird for in To Kill a Mockingbird, genus genus Atticus retrieves that there is good and bad in everyone and that nothing should be hated or claimed as all bad.In the book, Scout asks Atticus if it is okay to hate Hitler but Atticus says that you shouldnt hate anybody, no matter how bad they are because there is a good side to them. This shows that Atticus perspective on race is different from the authors of the po ems and essay for the authors believe that the whites are bad people because blacks and whites are not equal. While Atticus is just like the authors for he wants equality between black and whites, his perspective is different for he believes that this equality will be brought once the good side comes out of the white people.

Ambition Essay 11

?Ambition Nowadays, many people think aspiration is antisocial, it is neer a pretty prospect to ponder. But in my opinion, competition is valuable and necessary for our society. Ambition is a fundamental skill of accumulating originator and living a good life. It produces action. It makes choice possible. It is a narrative or context of concerns and commitments that brings forth moods of passion, assessments of situations and actions, strategies and tactics, requirements for power, and skill. What if a person does not reach an competition?A person without ambition has no commitment to take consider of their future. They may want, desire or prefer a good future, but they lack commitment to do so. They do not act in the present to produce favorable consequences in the future. And to think of it, what the world pass on be like without ambition? The highly developed society hangs derriere and new give voiceion disappears. New discovery vanishes. All of which human beings cre ates provide never come to our life. Thats an unbelievable phenomenon.So in my opinion, ambition is so important and necessary for both individuals and our society that we will never cast away falling in it. To begin with, I think if ones ambition is great than the others, he or she will get more at last. For example, In the Three States conflicts, a famous leader named Cao Cao, whose ambition is to climb up to the summit of great rights. Through a list of methods such as absorbing some knowledgeable person makes him succeed finally. Secondly, some compulsive ideas contribute to the success of our society.If we dont dream flying like the bird, well never invent the plane. f we dont want to stay in the waters for a yen time, well never make the first submarine. If we dont want to step on the moon, well never create the spaceship. Ambition is like a flower, whose smell is so angelic that lure people to get it. Ambition is like a hawking, whose vista is to fly high and high to t he blue sky. If a person doesnt have ambition, his life will be dull. If a person doesnt have ambition, his colorful world will fade. a person dont have ambition, he will achieve nothing. Someone will say, ambition may be destroy the building of modern moral society, which built by our ancestor. To the contrary, its because of the ambition that the building could be existed. I dont think that someone is an thought-provoking person is wrong. In a word, I am totally concord that ambition propels our life and make our world go around. Its so important and necessary that well all have to stick to it if we want to make a difference.

Rick Brag: Essay

genuine Southern pride is a great way to describe a man like Richard Bragg. He has each(prenominal) the Southern charms and out accounts on life. Richard Bragg writes emotion eachy-moving belles-lettres that wobbles the lives of everyday hatful. Richard Braggs writing generally deals with the lower categorize Americans. This is a reflection of his life, for he grew up as a lower class American during the Civil Rights Era. Born in rural Alabama on July 26, 1959, he was the first of his family to graduate from high school. Richard Bragg is nonetheless alive at present and is currently a professor at Alabama University (Kingsbury).Richard Bragg is known as one of the best southern story tellers of his time. Many wonder how he developed this ability, and when asked he said, Well, I come from a long tie of liars and story tellers. (Rick 2) Richard Bragg credits his way of telling a story to his male parent, grandfather, and all the drunks that he liked to hang out with. (Autho r) Bragg would sit down on his front porch for hours and listened to these men speak. Although he listened to all these drunks tell of drama, comedy, and tragedy, Bragg tends to welcome a more feminine way of writing.He got this from his m separate and sisters who tell gentler stories nearly babies born, funerals that were beautiful, and the nicer, sadder, sweeter side of growing up in rural Alabama in the 1960s and 1970s. (Rick 3) Richard Bragg generally writes about the lower class American. He grew up as a lower class citizen. He likes to urinate out to these people and make people aware of poverty all over the world. In his story All Over still the Shoutin, and in this countersign he shows the darker side of poverty and his life(Abbe). This book gives the inside look of what it was like growing up in poverty during the 60s and 70s.Richard Braggs berth life was not one of a loving family. His father left hand frequently all through his life, and officially left when Brag g was just 10. He did have a caring mother who did everything for her family. She worked in the cotton handle with poor coloreds and white trash who had no other skills and no other possibilities. (Rick 3) Brag latter paid tribute to her through his book All Over but the Shoutin. Richard Bragg grew up during the Civil Rights period. Braggs father erst moved his family to a white house in Anniston, Alabama, that was once the ain house on a plantation. Bragg had never seen a black person really until he moved there. All the black people lived about a mile up the road. At first they threw rocks at each other. It was an onward battle until one day they got curious and started petition each other question about how different both races were but it seems now that our innocent questions about our differences were kind of nice, kind of sweet. (Rick 7) Richard Bragg is still writing today. He writes from his little office at the University of Alabama. Who knows what he pass on write a bout next?One thing is for sure we all know that it will make an emotional impact and that it will change how people view certain topics. Works Citied Page Abbe, Elfrieda. Rick Bragg on the art of storytelling. 115. 12 n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2012. Author Information Rick Bragg. This tidy Land . (Apr 30, 2009) n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2012. Etlinger, Marion. Rick Bragg Biography. Book Browse. 01 08 2010 n. page. Web. 28 Sep. 2012. Kingsbury, Pam. Rick Bragg Biography. encyclopaedia of Alabama. Alabama 2008. Web. 28 Sep 2012. Rick Bragg Biography. UFDC Images n. pag. Alabama Virtual Library. Web. 28 Sep 2012.

Loneliness in Of Mice and Men Essay

These are notwithstanding a few of the times in which candy has shown thoughtfulness.The last character John Steinbeck has developed, Curleys wife, shows devastation for trinity terra firmas. For ane, she states, I get l matchlessly. You thr champion talk to people, moreover I cant talk to nobody but Curley on page 87, which shows that she has loneliness because she doesnt engender everyone to talk to but Curley. Specifically, people wont talk to her because they have intercourse that Curley will get jealous and want to commence a trash. In a nonher reason, she says, Im miening for Curley on page 31, which shows that she, touchye up an excuse to construe adult conversation. dulcify does not seem to have a day ambition until he meets George and Lennie. He is swept up in the plausible reality of this dream, a dream he would probably be too scared to initiate by himself. candy is not happy with his life on the spread head, but he doesnt think that there is anything el se that he can do. He has one arm and is quite an old man, he employ to have a dog that was in addition very old and roundone else shot it for him.He was very miserable afterward the finish of his dog and he said, I ought to have shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to have allow no stranger shoot my dog.His dog was the only precious bullheadedness he had at the ranch and it was interpreted a sort from him.He ever soywhereheard George and Lennie public lecture ab reveal their dream and later approached them and told them his generous offer. He had more than fractional of the deposit money and George was very grateful of that and let him in on their once unattainable dreamSteinbeck was of German and Irish ancestry.Curleys wife tries to get the men to feel sorry for her but withal has a tidy and mulipative side to her by jeopardizeing Crooks.I could get you string up on a tree so easy it isnt even funny. Curleys wife is abusing her government agency by using i t to threaten Crooks and make him under persist what kind of position he is in. She says this by overweight to get Crooks lynched, the hate of dour people during this time is unimaginable.The men in the barn would rather listen to a light woman over a black man. He helps them get closer to actually owning the ranch because he has a lot of money saved away in his bank and offers it towards the ranch.Crooks is also crippled in his jeopardize and because of this he works as a stable buck. Like Candy he also has nothing to look forward to. When Lennie tells Crooks about his and Georges dream of owning a ranch, he is very cynicalEvery damn one of ems got a little piece of land in his head. An never a god damn one of em ever gets it. Crooks mentions how George and Lennies dream will be unattainable but after earshot what Lennie has to say, he wants in but..But after a go he believes that they might actually get their ranch and decides he also wants in. His expects are soon crushed b y Curleys wife taunts and changes his forelandGeorge and Lennies dream to buy a plot of land is a powerful symbol of the American Dream, Steinbeck uses Candy as a narrator. At the abrasion he gives commentary of the characters to introduce them, he says how curleys wife is a tart, curley abuse for king-sized computed tomographys and what the boss said in the morning and what he is like.Candy seems to know about Curleys wife and her giving the eye to lissom and Carlson. I seen her give Slim the eye, An I seen her give Carlson the eye.If he was white he would have such a nicer life on the ranch, crafty this he is depressed therefore like many people the coarse depression. Crooks is a nice psyche but being black the reader finds it hard to see that he has feelings and also his arched back makes him look twice as questioning of an outsider.Steinbeck has written this novel in the hope that people would understand what happened back in his child years. He also wanted to convey his feelings of the violence and anger in the 1930s he had experienced. In the novel the violence mentioned is where curly exhibits himself in the baffle set up because he does not like big people.There was a rank system in America that was similar to an unwritten law. This ranking was used on the ranches and unfortunately put Crooks at the bottom. In America black people were oppressed and were not allowed to prosper. On the ranch Crooks had his own bunk and kept himself to himself.However, any sympathy that we might have felt for Curleys wife is reduced because of the cruelty she shows when talking to the men and by the way she treats Crooks. She is contemptuous of Candy, Crooks and Lennie, referring to them as a nigger an a dum-dum and a sordid ol sheep and she laughs at their dream of having a ranch of their own, dismissing it as Balony. Far worse though is the way she removes all Crooks pride and dignity when he dares stand up to her and saying how she can get him lynched.w ould say that loneliness is one of the main themes throughout the novel and I also think that Crooks is rebelliously the loneliest. He is a Negro stable buck and the only reason he does not get beaten up is because the ranch the reach are not aloud to use their feet to fight because Crooks has a bad back.I aint wanted I cant play because I am black Those quotes show that Crooks is feeling lonely Says George in a way that says I know I cant force you but I dont want you here. This is of course because of what frizzy did. She is taken aback by this, she is used to being ignored but not told to leave by anyone other than her husband.I just want whatever one to talk to. She says.you got a husband, go talk to him George replies.yeah I got a husband. She says almost in a disappointed way.She then asks how Curly got his hand broken. To which George lies and says he got his hand caught in a machine. But this doesnt fool her so seeking an answer she asks Lennie who she knows wont have th e mental capacity to make up a lie.how did you get those scratches on your face? she asks. Lennie looks to George and then looks away saying,he got it caught in a machine. He answers.is that so? She says with a look that is trying to work out how Lennie thinks. nigh as if she is concerned for him. She then quietly leaves. In this scene we catch to see that she isnt stupid she can work things out. Also that she doesnt like Curly and being married to him. The possibility that all she wants is some one to talk to is again present.it differs the way Curleys wife is perceive in the film and book, we dont see how clever she is and how she uses her knowledge, power and position to be malicious.In the book, there is a quite unrealistic scene towards the end, when Lennie is by himself in the brush. He gets agitated with himself over what he has done and all of a sudden, a short, plump lady appears, his auntie Clara. She starts speaking to him in Lennies voice. Then after she is finished disappears. Then, a giant rabbit scuttles out of Lennies head and starts shouting at him. Unfortunately, this is never visually seen as it is left wing out of the film. It would have been a funny scene and with it being right near the end, would have fumble the mood therefore, it was left out.Another scene left out so not to detract the mood, was when Lennie has his dead puppy in his arms after he has killed Curleys wife, and he has the idea of throwing the pup away so it wouldnt look so bad. The last two scenes would have caused wild laughter in the middle of two important and emotion separate of the film, which would have lessened the viewers emotions.Along with missing out scenes, a fair number of scenes were added.For example, in the film there is a scene when Lennie enters the bunkhouse with the tipple of his dungarees puffed up and him cradling it. As Lennie had tried to uprise his pup into the bunkhouse before, Lennies suspicious behaviour hints to George that he is tryi ng to do it again. afterwards George scalds Lennie for his attempt to sneak the pup in again, Lennie lies on the bed and slaps the bib of his dungarees, flattening it, and finishing the joke. An amusing practical joke obviously thought up purely by Lennie showing he does have an intelligent and a funny side. John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men expresses George and Lennies relationship brilliantly just like a marriage, not in a sexual expressive style but in a mutual loving relationship. This occurs throughout the novel.(then examples)Curley has a very poor attitude in that he believes beating up people that are large than himself would make him a hero, however if the bigger person beat him up people would call the bigger person a bully and be sympathetic towards Curley. This backfires horrendously one day when comprehend that Lennie has a childs mind he tries to pick a fight on him only to find that Lennys reaction left him with a badly broken hand. Due to this event, Curley then ba res a detestation on Lenny throughout the play and the death of Curleys wife fits in nicely as it gives Curley an excuse to go after Lenny. Steinbeck does this cleverly so that there is already bad blood between Lennie and Curley before the death of Curleys wife.More than anything, Curley has his wife as a trophy wife. At no point in the book does he show any sort of love or affection toward her. Steinbeck does this so when his wife is pitch dead he isnt bothered about mourning hes focused on getting Lennie.eorge had told him not to speak, so he didnt answer. Curley authentically got angry. George answered for him and he answered,An you wont let the big guy talk, is that it?He wants to be big and tall. He picks fights with anybody that is larger, in a way superior to him. He only has respect for Slim we know this because he listened to Slim.I think you got your han caught in a machine.He knows what really happened. He didnt want to get laughed at either, so he listened and obeyed Slims instruction.But you jus tell an try to get this guy canned and well tell ever body, an then will you get the laugh.Curley concur to this statement, otherwise he will be laughed at for starting the fight and then losing it. Even though Curleys hand was totally ruined, and Lennie got a couple of bruises and cuts nobody got in any more trouble.When his wife was killed he was really mad. Not mad for losing a loved one. He was mad at Lennie for killing her, and instead of staying with his wife, he hurried off to find Lennie and to kill him. We notice that although Curley was very protective over his wife, he didnt show any interest in her, and showed no signs of love. Nobody like Curley, not even his wife.Curleys wife was an outcast, because she is the only female on the ranch and wore a lot of red.