Globalization and Labor Market- Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Planning on the challenges to Labor demand and supply that poses a threat by Globalization. Answer: Introduction Globalization is dominating the world and is somewhat inevitable in the current market scenario, global economy constitutes of both national and international economic institution. Globalization is channeled to labor market in various ways. Among them, one of the ways is affecting tremendously the labor demand and supply. Due to increased competition on the output market, there might be slight increase in the elasticity of labor demand via scale effect or substitution effect where a firm expands its productivity and want to set additional input. Scenario planning determines and distinguishes between long-term trend and uncertain elements. Once they are figured and put together to create different scenarios that showcase what is known and what isnt and how it going to effect the environment. In this report, we will discuss the setbacks that are affecting labor demand and supply in Australian market and Human Resource Planning focus on the scenario planning which will take account of e xternal changes in Australian market. Cause of Globalization Globalization result in promoting competition but also can be relate with non-competitive nature in the international market. Thus, a threat arises for the government facing difficulty with behavior over another country that can affect its economy. Economic growth of a country craves for more imports and expands the capacity to produce more for export. Thus generating enough saving to invest both domestically and internationally to meet demand of investment associated with economic growth. Innovation in technology such as Information technology and communication technology generates high financial and economical degree between different countries. Fall in transportation cost is the major factor in recent boom in globalization. Liberation of economic activity trade and investment both nationally and internationally. Globalization and Labor Market Condition of domestic labor market plays an important role such as job roles such as nurse, retail worker, and teacher pay roles are affected by domestic condition. Globalization has deep-rooted effect in market as it encourages substitution of labor for technology and capital in industrialized countries as it helps the highly skilled workers and not the unskilled. Outsourcing works to low wage countries. Relocating firms from high pay to low pay countries will help cut cost. Globalization effect on trade and labor market is mixed but has broader effects on business and not only just on trade price on labor market. Trade have grown in the recent decade more than economic growth giving rise to more number of multinational companies in recent times which is bringing foreign investment and international flow of capital. Impact of Globalization on Australia The impact of globalization in the Global market and in Australia can be pointed in three sources of tension. First, it reduces trade barriers and increases opportunities for high skilled labors because of investment but it also reduces opportunities for low or semi skilled labor in the market. Second, globalization creates a conflict with domestic preference of service and goods for example safety and health standard imposed by certain country on certain good will no longer stay validate as good under World Trade Organization are treated as equal no matter its nation of origin. Third, countries with most social insurance and protection with an open economy finds it hard to manage social insurance and safety nets due to globalization. Globalization can be debate over many economic and social issues. Australia particularly has always maintained openness in its industrialized economy but tried not to be tied up in fortress Australia mentality. Australia cannot isolate itself from the rest of the world in the time of globalization if they want economic development in the country. Globalization often raises concern of racism in the global scenario due to some counties extreme monopoly of isolationism and nationalism (Butler et al., 2016). Abolish of Protectionism Australia always have the monopoly of buying less and selling more to other countries and also have severe restriction on foreign investment but due to rise of unemployment and inflation it lost it competitive advantage. Thus government forces business to compete in the global market since then Australia have open doors to foreign investments as a result significant increase in the quality of lifestyle have shown in Australian. Globalization have given chance to foreign firm to set business in Australia which dragged out the inefficiency in the economy and made the market competitive and innovative thus improving the lives and lifestyle of many (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Change in Manufacturing Base Manufacturing which need high labor intensity shifted to Low wage country due to globalization, company finds it irrelevant to hold manufacturing unit in Australia as the same work can be done easily and at cheaper rate in Low wage country due to advancement in the transportation sector thus it can be cheaply produced and supplied in the market. High wage labors in Australia have resulted into shrunk of GDP of Australia by high percentage. Australias high tech manufacturing has risen as well as have seen the rise in jobs. For example, Australia has the largest unit of Boeing manufacturing unit outside USA that is developing through RD and sales (Eaton, 2017). Growth in Service Sector Service sector of Australia have seen tremendous growth in the recent year. In the recent decade, Australian wholesale trade, financial institution, retails trade, education, healthcare and tourism communication etc. Due to Globalization and consistent growth of the countrys GDP Australia has been the benefactor. In a recent study according to Forbes 6 out of the 10 largest company of Australia are finance service and bank. This also resulted in strengthen of Property of the country, strong infrastructure, confidence of the consumers etc. Australias geography plays a major role to build a thriving relationship with Asian Market (Boella Goss-Turner 2013). Scenario Planning Scenario planning identifies organizations long-term goal and plans. It involves different aspects such as system thinking. As Australia enters the 21st century, global shift is challenging Australian business and determining Australias step in to the International market with partnership with global clients to maintain peace and prosperity so that it will enhance sustainability in the future. To discuss the current global changes facing Australia we have to look at some big problems (Kavanagh Johnson, 2017). Global Financial Instability Size, Complexity and Interconnection of financial market of privet sector challenges the ability to monitor and properly regulate by National government. To solve the problem financial stability board and Basel Committee are leading by examples keeping Australia out of recession. International agenda addressed by National government is necessary to avoid future crisis. Nuclear Proliferation Nuclear weapons avoidance agreement between US and other countries do not solve the entire problem. The destruction capabilities of nuclear weapon are incomparable. That is why Australia is trying to remain active in the arms race (Ruttan Thirtle 2014). Cyber Revolution New technology have enhanced the productivity and the prosperity of any organization with that it has also threaten the security of an infrastructure of both country and corporation thus requires constant vigilance both at home and office through cyber cell is required.Australia will remain vigilant by addressing economic and political factors, including global terrorism and poverty (Hanna Oliva, 2015). Food Security Growing population giving rise to need of food security in Australia loss of agricultural land will be a major drawback, being the largest exporter of agricultural product, Australias landscape and tropical environment helps it to produce more and more amount. In the current market of globalization, Australia will be a major and leading name in the global market and will help other countries by solving their food scarcity. Energy Security Food, Energy and Climate all the three are interrelated growing demand of energy resource in the country from major concern. Renewable energy resource is severely scare so use of natural resource is very important and prominent (Ehrenberg Smith, 2016). Climate Change Climate change is the major concern of developed countries and thus required attention both national and global action. Climate change has resulted into major economic and social trouble thus addressing the issue of climate change is important for Australia. Global Poverty Today in this world, more than a third of the population lives on less than Two dollar. Trade policy and aid are the core elements to reduce poverty globally it will result in good for global economy, regional stability and Australia (Cahuc, Carcillo Zylberberg, 2014). These are the reason that are big problem globally and requires deep attention of the country to tackle. HR should be planning scenario to solve the problem. Australia have a diverse economy and being shaped into a vibrate economy due to globalization, thus influencing all the business. Business cannot survive without implementing global perspective in the competitive market but how globalization is going to affect a business varies from sector to sector. Terrorism, Legal reason and culture could the other phenomenons that influence a business in the global world. Transportation and communication made consumers aware and selective. So far globalization have efficiently and competitively made economy for Australia which is driving the country to provide better service in both mining and service industry. Innovation and accumulation knowledge through learning is the key to success in business. References Boella, M., Goss-Turner, S. (2013).Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Cahuc, P., Carcillo, S., Zylberberg, A. (2014).Labor economics. MIT press. Eaton, J. (2017).Globalization and human resource management in the airline industry. Routledge. Ehrenberg, R. G., Smith, R. S. (2016).Modern labor economics: Theory and public policy. Routledge. Hanna, R., Oliva, P. (2015). The effect of pollution on labor supply: Evidence from a natural experiment in Mexico City.Journal of Public Economics,122, 68-79. Kavanagh, M. J., Johnson, R. D. (Eds.). (2017).Human resource information systems: Basics, applications, and future directions. Sage Publications. Ruttan, V., Thirtle, C. (2014).The role of demand and supply in the generation and diffusion of technical change(Vol. 21). Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. The challenges to labour demand and supply posed by globalisation, and environmental and demographic changes, means that organisations can no longer assume that jobs will remain unchanged for long periods and that Human Resource Planning only needs to focus on internal replacement charts and succession planning. To remain relevant, HRP must focus on scenario planning which takes account of the major external changes facing Australian businesses. Discuss.

Economics Unemployment Rate and Investment Policies

Question: Discuss about theEconomicsfor Unemployment Rate and Investment Policies. Answer: This essay aims at developing understanding about the macroeconomic stability of the countries such as Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong. The essay analyses the countries current GDP, unemployment rate and investment policies. Different authors have argued about the macroeconomic stability of the countries. Economical issues of the countries are also discussed by different authors in order to analyze the overall situation of the country. Macro Economic Stability It can be argued that the given statement is true to a large extent as the macroeconomic stability is the success factors for the countries Hong Kong, South Korea, and Singapore. There are certain factors that can be discussed for the countries macroeconomic stability by exploring this statement. According to the author Boubakri, Couharde, and Raymond, (2016); the current macroeconomic stability of Hong Kong is good. Its current GDP is 2.3% and the inflation is 4.4%. Hong Kong is the most open economy in the world. The unemployment rate is also decreased to 3.4 % in 2016 as comparison in 2015 by 3.7%. While, the author Dutt and Mobarak (2016) argue about the macroeconomic stability of Singapore that is GDP declining from 2011 to 2015 for 2.0% while the unemployment rate decreased from 2011 to 2015 to 1.9%, which is the positive part for Singapore. Its inflation rate slows down to negativity in 2015 at -15.3%. Moreover, the author Chang (2012) also describes about the South Korea econ omic and development factors which help to know more about the country. It is analyzed by the author that South Korea is one of the highly developed countries in the world in context of growth and development. This statement is supported of the author as the country is making progress in the economy but its current GDP is 2.7%. The countries inflation rate is 0.8% while its unemployment rate decreased to 3.5%. This shows the countries good macroeconomic stability. Source: Chen and Tsang (2016) Furthermore, by supporting the author Chen and Tsang (2016) Singapore and Hong Kong had certain similarities and differences as the government of Singapore is well known for the economic intervention. While on the other hand, the government of Hong Kong is well known for the free market approach. These are the differences between these countries but they also have the similarities for equal economic status. The other author suggests Rodan (2016) that these both countries are the development of particular strategy. It can also be suggested to both the countries government that they should adopt a mixture of interventionist and free market approach. Wieland, et al., (2012) author also argues about the country Hong Kong plays an important role in the world. Its key role is to serve as trade and fund flows. Hong Kong macroeconomic stability over last 40 years can be described by the real growth of Gross domestic product (GDP). The economic growth of Hong Kong increased in 1970s with the annual economic growth at 8.9%. In 1980s, Hong Kong economic development was held at 7.4%. Moreover, owing of Asian financial crisis in 1997and 1998 it slows down the global economy in 2001. There was also the outbreak of Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Hong Kong average annual economic growth can be evaluated between 1997 and 2002 that was 1.9%. Along with this, according to the author He, (2013) Hong Kong is also influenced by negative factors that it is shocked by the US interest rate have bigger impact on money supply. Both Singapore and Hong Kong has newly industrialized economy. Hong Kong has its own independent administration and the legal system is also independent according to the author Shiu-hing (2016). It also has various economic policies that are interest rate of Hong Kong is determined by the individual banks. It is governed under positive non interventionism and it is dependent upon international trade and finance. It is suggested by the author Fong, and Ngo, (2016) that the countrys economic strength must include a sound banking system with a strong legal system. On the other hand, Singapore has a mixed economic policy. It adopts free market policies. It also has the lowest population growth rate in all over the world comparison with other countries like Hong Kong and South Korea. The author Hill and Lian (2013) argues about the less population as it has the negative effect on the country Singapore as it faces the problem of labor. The above authoralso argues about the economic policy of South Korea, which falls in middle rank with regard to economic policy. It includes the lowest tax rates as compare to other countries. Labor market policies of South Korea have the negative effect on the country because of irregular working conditions and employment. This country basically invests on research and innovation of new techniques for the future development of the country. At the same time, the author Bruno and Shin (2014) analyses that South Korea lacks high quality basic research, which has the negative effect on the country. The author Lee and Hong (2012) supports Hong Kong free trade economic policy as there is no charge on export and import of goods. The WTO was established in 1995 which had a success on tariffs and trade. At the same time, Singapore has the fourth largest foreign exchange market. The other author Rioni (2016) argues about the countries economical issues as Hong Kong GDP slows down to 2.3% of 2015. The issues for the country such as instability in the financial markets confronted to the challenges. The other author gives suggestion to improve the existence of ethical issues in the country such as it should be pro active for facing issues. The author Cheung, Chan, and Kajewski, (2012) also argues about the foreign direct investment of Hong Kong which is highly attractive. By the survey of government towards FDI it is being analyzed that the investment estimated at US$ 1,488 billion at the end of 2014. The government also analyzed the outflows of Hong Kong and it ranked 3rd with US$175 billion in all over Asia after Japan. It is the 7th largest exporter of merchandise trade and for commercial services it ranked 14th all over the world. The main source of Hong Kong is Chinese mainland for external investment. In Asia pacific Hong Kong is important for banking and financial centre. The author Funke, Paetz, and Pytlarczyk, (2011) supports the Hong Kong as the positive impact on overall economic performance which helps in removing barriers for private enterprises. The Hong Kongs domestic product has also grown 180 times. The Hong Kong economic future also faced many challenges as the economic globalization and it also have the direct competition from the mainland china. It has trading partners such as China, United States, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Singapore and South Korea. According to the author Morgan (2012) argued about the average economic growth during 2003 and 2006 was 6.3%. In 2009, Hong Kong economic growth fell by 2.8%. Now, current economic score of Hong Kong is 88.6 .Its global ranking is 1st. Its standard income tax rate is 15 percent and the corporate tax rate is 16.5 percent. The tax rate system of the country is simple and efficient. The current GDP rate is 2.3% and inflation is 4.4%. It has a 0% tariff rate. It is one of the most open economies in the world for trade and investment. It expanded the economy year on year by growing by 2.4% in 2015 and it forecasted by 1.5% in 2016. The conditions of the labor market are tight. Hong Kong unemployment rate was 3.4% for 2016 as comparison with 2015 by 3.7%. Its prices of the consumer are increased by 2.7% in 2016.Hong Kong is the worlds freest economy and it is also called as worlds service oriented economy. It also includes service sectors which accounts more than 90% of GDP. Hong Kong is r anked third largest source for FDI after Japan, and Chinese mainland. The author Dinnie (2015) also argued about the economic policies of Singapore as it has to move for the innovation ladder that is value added to value creating. The second challenge for Singapore is the companys future that it should use new technologies for over all development. Technology is also a challenge for Singapore. It also has the other economic challenge that is the resources of the future for the countries. Future of technology is also the challenge for the country Singapore which is argued by the author Ling and Leong (2012). kerlavaj, Song, and Lee, (2010) the author also argues about the economic strategies as the country should shift from technology towards the knowledge based economy. The research and development of should also be promoted in order for the development of the country. In the argument of the author Managi, and Sharma (2016) attracting MNCs to Singapore is an important strategy for the country. Singapore also faces the challenges for the future that is transition of growth, demographic transition, and disruption of technology and aspirations of jobs. The other author (Moscarini, Giuseppe and Fabien 2012) suggests about the improvement of old growth strategies to new strategies and the country should adapt the new technologies. It helps the country for the future economic growth and adopts the attractive jobs for the people of Singapore. It is important to adopt new technologies with the support of above author Leng (2010) Says the advancement in technology is important for new opportunit ies in the businesses. Singapore is suggested by the other author Siddiqui (2010) so as to prevent from unemployment the country should also upgrade their skills whatever skills are missing. Future skills would help in the better future for the country development. The author also argues about the government of Singapore that is it promotes high level of investments and savings which adopts the policy such as Central Provident Fund. The strategy of Singapore also exceeded growth. The government of Singapore also manages two wealth funds that are Temasek holdings and GIC private limited used for the countries reserves. In current, Singapore ranked 15th for the trading partner of USA and Malaysia is analyzed as the biggest trading partner of Singapore. It imports mainly the petroleum products, electronic components, crude oil, food/beverages and chemical. The other author argues Seth and Ragab (2012) about the corruption free government and skilled workforce has attracted investments for more than 3,000 multi-national corporations from the United States. The government also supports Singapore to invest outside the country. Indias growing economy helped Singapore as an expanding source for foreign investment. The author Downie (2016) also argues about the economical issues of South Korea such as inflation in neighboring countries as the country is 50% dependent upon the international trade. Secondly, the chinas exposure is also a challenge for the country because the china is the largest exporter of South Korean goods. This country also faces the challenges of opportunity as Singapore. It is also facing problems in the industrial societies such as there is a gap between rich and poor. The other economical issue for the country is low fertility that slows down the economic growth of the country. There are other social issues of South Korea such as welfare of the society, aging population, environment, and the comparison with other countries. The author Moon (2010) also argues about the other risks and challenges of the decrease in export, interest rate policies. Aging population is also a challenge for South Korea. Labor productivity is also the economic challenge for South Korea. The gap between SMEs small medium enterprises and large firms is included in the problem of South Korean economy. The author also discusses about the current issues for the global environment such as pollution, land and habitat preservation. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that the overall situation of the countries such as Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong is constant due to several policies that these countries have adopted. It can be recommended that countries should adopt measures that create stable macroeconomic environment to develop the country with the strong GDP. The countries should also become pro active so as to improve the future economy of the countries. Bibliography Boubakri, S., Couharde, C. and Raymond, H. (2016) Effects of financial turmoil on financial integration and risk premia in emerging markets.Journal of Empirical Finance,38, pp.120-138. Bruno, V. and Shin, H.S. (2014) Assessing macroprudential policies: case of South Korea. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 116(1), pp.128-157. Chen, H. and Tsang, A. (2016) The Impact of US Monetary Policy and Other External Shocks on the Hong Kong Economy: A Factor-augmented VAR Approach. USA: Johnny Wilson. Cheung, E., Chan, A.P. and Kajewski, S. (2012) Factors contributing to successful public private partnership projects: Comparing Hong Kong with Australia and the United Kingdom. Journal of Facilities Management, 10(1), pp.45-58. Chang, K.S. (2012) Economic development, democracy and citizenship politics in South Korea: the predicament of developmental citizenship.Citizenship studies,16(1), pp.29-47. Dinnie, K. (2015) Nation branding: concepts, issues, practice. UK: Routledge. Downie. R. (2016) Economic Challenges South Korea. [Online]. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/011516/4-economic-challenges-south-korea-faces-2016.asp (Accessed: 1 December, 2016) Dutt, P. and Mobarak, A.M. (2016) Democracy and policy stability. International Review of Economics Finance, 42, pp.499-517. Fong, E. and Ngo, H.Y. (2016) Unemployment patterns of local-born and immigrant youth in Hong Kong. Journal of Population Research, 33(3), pp.243-261. Funke, M., Paetz, M. and Pytlarczyk, E. (2011) Stock market wealth effects in an estimated DSGE model for Hong Kong. Economic Modelling, 28(1), pp.316-334. He, D. (2013) Hong Kongs approach to financial stability. International Journal of Central Banking, 9(1), pp.299-313. Hill, M. and Lian, K.F. (2013)The politics of nation building and citizenship in SingaporeUK: Routledge. Lee, J.W. and Hong, K. (2012) Economic growth in Asia: Determinants and prospects. Japan and the World Economy, 24(2), pp.101-113. Leng, C.H. (2010) Medical tourism and the state in Malaysia and Singapore. Global Social Policy, 10(3), pp.336-357. Ling, F. and Leong, E. (2012) Performance of design-build projects in terms of cost, quality and time: views of clients, architects and contractors in Singapore. Construction Economics and Building, 2(1), pp.37-46. Ma, W. (2016) Economic and Trade Information on Hong Kong. [Online]. https://hong-kong-economy-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Market-Environment/Economic-and-Trade-Information-on-Hong-Kong/etihk/en/1/1X000000/1X09OVUL.htm (Accessed: 29 November, 2016) Managi, S. and Sharma, S.K. (2016) Special issue of the Singapore Economic Revieweconomics of crises and disasters. The Singapore Economic Review, 61(01), p.1602001. Mishra, A.K., Rao, G., Monga, A. and Vishwanath, B. (2016) Assessing Competitiveness in Emerging Asian Economies: Role of Governance and Infrastructure and Lessons for India. Emerging Economy Studies, p.2394901515627732. Moon, S. (2010) Multicultural and global citizenship in a transnational age: the case of South Korea. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 12(1). Morgan, P.J. (2012) The role of macroeconomic policy in rebalancing growth. Journal of Asian Economics, 23(1), pp.13-25. Moscarini, Giuseppe and Fabien Postel-Vinay.(2012) "The Contribution of Large and Small Employers to Job Creation in Times of High and Low Unemployment," American Economic Review, 102 (6): 2509-2539. Rioni, S.G. (2016) Hong Kong in Focus: Political and Economic Issues. [Online]. Available at: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=931 (Accessed: 30 November, 2016). Rodan, G. (2016) The political economy of Singapore's industrialization: national state and international capital.USA: Springer. Seth, A. and Ragab, A. (2012) Macroeconomic vulnerability in developing countries: Approaches and issues. International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth Working Paper, 94, pp.1-20. Shiu-hing, L. (2016) The politics of democratization in Hong Kong. USA: Springer. Siddiqui, K. (2010) The political economy of development in Singapore. Research in Applied Economics, 2(2), p.1. kerlavaj, M., Song, J.H. and Lee, Y. (2010) Organizational learning culture, innovative culture and innovations in South Korean firms. Expert systems with applications, 37(9), pp.6390-6403. Wieland, V., Cwik, T., Mller, G.J., Schmidt, S. and Wolters, M. (2012) A new comparative approach to macroeconomic modeling and policy analysis.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,83(3), pp.523-541.

Role of prejudice in wars in Iraq

Abstract The essay covers the role of prejudice in wars in Iraq. It defines prejudice and explains its role and effects. Other forms or factors of prejudice such as racism and discrimination are explained. The main causes of prejudice are explained and how they can be used to resolve and be used for the benefit of fighting discrimination and stereotyping. Ways in which citizens can assist to promote peace and helping the eradication of prejudice are suggested.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Role of prejudice in wars in Iraq specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Role of prejudice in wars in Iraq Prejudice is negative attitude and feelings towards a certain group, which include discrimination of people due to their race, actions, beliefs and/or feelings. Prejudice is commonly used with discrimination and stereotyping since they have the same meaning, and go hand in hand. Prejudice in psychology is the science that affects the social mind. They are used to disintegrate people instead of bringing them together as one. It breaks relationships which may exists between individuals or groups even if the relationship is negative like in the cases of military patriotism (Plous, 2003). War has been commonly used to dehumanize groups of people with the intention of killing or casualties. The Iraq war is the most popular in describing prejudice. The U.S invaded Iraq because it is claimed that Muslims from Iraq, who are popularly known to carry out terrorism (jihad) bombed the Twin Towers on the 911 incident. The terrorists retaliated by bombing U.S, thus the cycle of war continues. This creates a gap between the two as the Muslims see themselves different from us and we also see ourselves different from them, thus creating a gap between the humans. Prejudice has played many roles, the main one being loss of human life, which is generated via war. Those participating in these wars are encouraged by bei ng honored and valued, this being the reason as to why war and prejudice never end. Many lie about what war is and its’ consequences by sugar coating it and in some instances, lie of their involvement. Those responsible end up being awarded medals or excuses are given, which leave them free without trial or punishment. It clearly portrays racism, sexism, heterosexism and exploitation of indigenous people, animals and the environment at large as some of the major effects that bring about human conflict and enmity. Racism has led to increased prejudice, which is the main cause of ethnic conflicts and wars in the Middle East and Africa whereas in other states, it has led to debates and controversies on race, racism, nationalism and multiculturalism. Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A good example is the genocides which took place in the 1990’s with Rwanda (Africa) b eing the worst affected leaving millions wounded, homeless and many dead. Other genocides have occurred in Bosnia and Kosovo. These events have led to researches on the issues of prejudice and racism. Theories have emerged especially on psychological theories which adversely contribute to our knowledge on this disturbing social issue, and offer assistance on how the acquired knowledge maybe put into practice in understanding and resolving intergroup oppression and conflicts. Social researches have been brought forward arguing that prejudice and racism manifest themselves at different levels which include institutional, individual’s, intergroup or even interpersonal (Plous, 2003). To understand prejudice in relation to psychology, it may be related to discrimination or one having negative attitudes towards someone else basically because he or she belongs to a certain group. With Iraq, U.S discriminated it since it belonged to the Al Qaeda group, which was a terrorist group an d was attacking it and killing many innocent Americans. In the U.S – Iraq war, American soldiers were seen on the media and internet laughing and torturing Iraqi prisoners, while another terrorist group, still in Iraq, showed the video of an Iraqi slaughtering an American civilian. Others had photos showing an Iraq mob killing four American military then hanging them on March 31st. These murders and tortures clearly show a sign of hatred, enmity and inhumanity among the humans. If mobs and groups of terrorists can carry out the same, one is left to wonder what effect or impact trained military personnel could have like that of the U.S especially on their mortal enemy. This becomes really hard for the human activists such as the Red Cross, United Nations and Africa Union to promote peace and eliminate prejudice. Reason for this is that many leaders such as the religious, military and political leaders tolerate this kind of behaviors without bring the culprits into justice. The U.S being the leading in music and film making exercise prejudice by discriminating the Muslim race, in that, they feed civilians with discrimination information in form of movies and music. We expect the military to behave in an extra ordinary manner forgetting that they are also humans who are subject to hatred and discrimination waves against the Iraqis and the Muslim in general as the public is. Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Role of prejudice in wars in Iraq specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some military leaders have made anti- Muslim speeches to the public and on live broadcasts while in uniform and no form of confrontation or warning was done. He went ahead and authorized for both sexual and physical abuse of the Iraqi prisoners. Prejudice is mainly promoted by hate speeches from popular leaders, government actions and the media (Clow and Esses, 2007). The three lead to the widespread of preju dice across the world which results into wars and conflicts between countries, groups or even individuals. Government actions such as interrogations, police detention without trials, profiling at subways and airports, police raids among others are some of the effects causing mainly the Muslims and black\brown colored people feeling insecure and discriminated as they are the main suspects in crimes and terrorist actions. The media behaves irresponsible through talks, shows as well as news as the government can control any information that would expose it to the public but any other act related to a black colored or Muslim related story is very quick to publish and expose it. In the previous years Fight against prejudice took another turn when groups and factions forbid any public expression that would lead or encourage prejudice and discrimination of whatsoever manner. For example, some editorialists accompanied by protestors confronted the president of Rutgers University asking h im to step down for discriminating the blacks and calling them â€Å"the disadvantaged and without genetic, hereditary background†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Others like Ralph Reed called for a press conference to urge people to denounce the habit of name calling especially with regards to race and color. Citizens can assist in promoting peace and fight against prejudice in many ways, although eliminating prejudice totally will not be possible since everyone has their own motives and as long as freedom for expression remains, hate speeches and other kinds of prejudice will prevail. Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, some people believe and will express it out publicly that homosexuality is a disease and disgrace to the society, which is a form of discrimination. This is a form of promoting peace and fighting prejudice as the school policies do not tolerate such speeches (Brochu, and Esses, 2009). An effective way of promoting peace is via the media. Using the internet, radio, television, computers and printing can be very effective to make humans understand the need and importance of peace. Media if not controlled and well monitored may lead to war as was the case with the Iraq war in 1993. This is due to the civilians being misinformed due to the unverified information and misrepresentation of statements. Some withhold or release de-sensationalizing information which does not promote peace especially in times of war or near war, thus, steering up war and conflicts. Education in schools mainly junior, high school and colleges should be used to teach students about peace since they interact mostly with others from different backgrounds and of different races. Dialogue should be used and allowed as everyone has a right to express themselves as long as it does not promote prejudice in any way. The government and leaders should strictly forbid and contain prejudice by laying out strict and just policies, rules and repercussions and making them known to all (Esses., et al, 2008). Symposiums and conferences should be encouraged and all races should be encouraged and everyone’s view should be addressed equally without favoring anyone and discriminating the others. Respect for others’ religion should be addressed and adhered to promptly. Another thing to note is that revenge always accelerates war rather than peace. Dr King advocated for peace and called it â€Å"not the absence of violence, but the presence of justice,† (Zucchino, 2004). On elections day, we should strive to elect leaders who know the meaning of peace and are willing to go a n extra mile to achieve it and ensure that justice is served to those who seek it. Others may perceive peace inform of justice as those who do wrong by encouraging war or murder to be taken for trial and prosecuted. Also to understand the roots of evil like war, terrorism, murder and any other form of inhuman act (Berreby, 2005). The law should be closely followed as it calls on us to follow the procedures laid in order to protect innocent lives, apprehend calmly rather than to use force and destroy property and lives. Citizens can decide to reject the U.S strategies used by the government and advocate for those that respond to terrorism in a positive and polite way by using the necessary resources to prosecute international criminals. During debates the root causes of prejudice and any other source of conflicts that is likely to stir up war or hatred should be addressed and not only the symptoms and effects. Together as one, we should recognize and appreciate the other parties ar e taking. This way United States is able to respond effectively and receive assistance from the international body if we are able to identify our role in promoting peace and fighting terrorism. Challenge the elected leaders to dialogue with Taliban and Al Qaeda leaders in order to formulate solutions and work together to encourage peace and spread it globally. Ask leaders to change from engaging in wars through bombing Iraq to aiding the starving Muslims who majority are homeless and dying. Increasing the amount of multilateral organizations which are not based on the fact that one is with us or against us, but those that serve all equally without discrimination. Finally, activists and unions can foster the understanding of various cultures and advocate for reconciliation and peace among the inter cultural community (Reynolds, 2005). In conclusion, prejudice and discrimination cannot be completely eradicated but can be controlled or used to the advantage of promoting peace and rec onciliation among the human race. The main perpetrators of prejudice are the government actions which can decide whether or not the war will stop or will continue. Media which has the most effect as can be manipulated to steer up war by the government or other popular individuals and hate speeches on live broadcast by prominent leaders such as the military, religious and political leaders. Peace is inevitable since if war erupts only innocent lives are sacrificed and many become displaced but by promoting peace, love and unity irrespective of color or background, a lot can be achieved with the use of those resources being diverted elsewhere like in invention or assisting catastrophic hit areas or even venturing to the out a space. These actions will not be effective in a year or two or even five years time but will be a gradual process which the following generations will benefit from and the world will be a conducive environment to live in without fear. References Berreby, D. (2 005). Us and Them: Understanding your Tribal Mind. New York: Little Brown and Company Brochu, P. Esses, V. (2009). Weight prejudice and medical policy: Support for an ambiguously discriminatory policy is influenced by prejudice-coloured glasses. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9, 117-133. Clow, K. Esses, V. (2007). Expectancy effects in social stereotyping: Automatic and controlled processing in the Neely paradigm. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 39, 161-173. Esses, V. Veenvliet, S., Hodson, G., Mihic, L. (2008). Justice, morality, and the dehumanization of refugees. Social Justice Research, 21, 4-25. Plous, S. (2003). Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination. New York: McGraw-Hill. Reynolds, N. (2005). Basrah, Baghdad, and Beyond: U.S. Marine Corps in the Second Iraq War. Naval Institute Press, Maryland. Zucchino, D. (2004). Thunder Run: The Armored Strike to Capture Baghdad. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. This term paper on Role of prejudice in wars in Iraq was written and submitted by user Jonathan Johnson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Using College Essay Examples To Help Improve Your Writing Skills

Using College Essay Examples To Help Improve Your Writing SkillsIf you have been told that you need to write a college essay example, you might be asking yourself, what is this thing? The answer is a lot easier than you might think. It's something like this:College essay examples often provide a good idea of the type of essay to prepare. It doesn't have to be anything fancy. It can even be an outline for a story, you know. You can use this story as an example to teach and demonstrate points.These are great ways to work on your writing skills. By focusing on using different examples, you can improve the structure and organization of your paper. You will be building upon the information that you have and get a better understanding of the types of essay that you should be doing to give it a certain type of structure.The first thing you need to do is choose a topic. The topic you choose is going to have a major impact on the type of essay that you write. It also has a lot to do with how well you will do in the class. Therefore, choosing a topic is very important.A college essay example can be a good way to illustrate the kind of essay you should be doing. It is much better than just reading a piece of text and following the example. There are lots of great college essays out there, but these don't teach students how to be more interesting.Students have to learn how to write in a compelling way and learn to write in their own voice. It is essential that you do this in order to deliver the best message to the reader.By using a college essay example, you will be able to see if you are doing the right thing with your topic and the way you have written. You will also be able to see how the class will be taught and if you have the appropriate skills. This will help you become an excellent writer and improve your own ability.Use a college essay example for great writing tips and to improve your own essay. This is a great way to learn the guidelines of writing a successful essay. You will be able to improve your skills in a constructive way and you will be able to see where you need to focus your attention to become a better writer. Use this information to help you in your writing endeavors.

Four Steps to a Quadruplets College Essay

Four Steps to a Quadruplets College EssayIf you've got the brains, the talent and the patience to write a great college essay, you'll want to make the most of the opportunity with a Quadruplets College Essay. Don't be afraid to flex your writing muscles.Nearly all recent high school graduates can write a wonderful college essay. It's true that not everyone is destined to write a work of genius. However, writing a quality essay is one of the most important things students can do when they arrive on campus.Even if your friends and family think you should do your own research or create a Quadruplets College Essay from scratch, a little help is always welcome. By learning how to prepare for an essay without assistance, you'll increase your chances of completing a beautiful document.Begin by identifying the right direction to head. You're about to enter a minefield of college essays, so the best approach is to go to a professional. A talented essay writer will be able to supply helpful ti ps on how to structure a successful essay. Most programs also offer a portfolio of examples to aid students in honing their skills.You'll need to be prepared to explain why you're applying to a four-year college. The Quadruplets College Essay will follow this structure: Introduction, Admissions Information, Personal Statements, Resume/Curriculum Vitae, Transcripts and Essay Preparation, and Recommendations.As a student, you should plan to tackle as many sections of the Quadruplets College Essay as possible. Review these notes before you begin writing your first paragraph. A student who follows this process will find it much easier to complete his college essay. It's well worth the extra time and effort.After you decide on the number of topics you'll cover, be sure to prepare your own resume or CV. This will give your Quadruplets College Essay an additional boost of confidence and help boost your academic grade point average.Before you know it, you'll have completed your Quadruplets College Essay and can celebrate with friends. So, don't hesitate.

Public Finance Topics Research Paper

Public Finance Topics Research PaperPublic Finance topics research paper is not to be confused with a PFD or that kind of paper, which can be found on the internet. The PFD or Public Financial Statements are statements made public by an organization or the government of the country where the company is based. A PFD would have to be filed with the SEC. It can also be filed with the Federal Reserve Board or with the general public, the media or anybody else who may need it.You will find a lot of them, which contain the information regarding the financial statements of a company. You can usually find more than one report each time. It will also say how much the company has been earning and how much the profits of the company has been over the past.A Public Finance Topics Research Paper will consist of the statements that will relate the profit and the money that the company has earned over the past year. This will show you what the company has done since the previous year. It will be sh own in both cash equivalents.This information will show you how the company is making its money, what it has invested, and what kind of ways the company can use to make more money, how they can use it and so on. This information will be shown in various investment reports. The profit the company has made in the past year will show that the money earned by the company is reinvested.An interesting fact about Public Finance Topics Research Paper is that it can be used as an analysis tool for the investors. It will show you if there is anything wrong in the business of the company. The same can be said of the stock market. You could check out which stocks are doing well, which stocks are doing poorly and then invest on the best ones, which ones are the most profitable.After you have understood a Public Finance Topics Research Paper, it will be easier for you to decide which way you will be investing your money. Of course, there are still risks involved, but you should not have any fear if you do not want to lose your money.An interesting thing about Public Finance Topics Research Paper is that it is not that difficult to do. It is just that you should know what you are looking for. This kind of paper is written in a format of writing, which will enable you to get the full picture of the business. If you don't understand the terms used in it, you could try asking someone who knows better about this.Remember that you are not required to have an idea of what Public Finance Topics Research Paper means before you take one. You can do it without worrying about the technicalities, which can take you away from the purpose of doing it.

Questions and Answers on International Capital Budgeting Essays

Questions and Answers on International Capital Budgeting Essays Questions and Answers on International Capital Budgeting Paper Questions and Answers on International Capital Budgeting Paper 1. Why should the required rate of return for a capital budgeting problem be project specific? Doesn’t the firm just have to satisfy an overall cost-of-capital requirement? Answer: The required rate of return for a capital budgeting problem is project specific because the firm is viewed as a portfolio of projects owned by the shareholders. It is the shareholder’s perspective that matters, and it is their opportunity cost that gives the required rate of return for a project. The question that the managers should ask is the following: If the shareholders were to receive the cash flows from the project directly, what risk would they associate with the cash flows? Notice that this immediately suggests that the required rate of return should be project specific and that it should reflect the market risk that continues to be present when an investor holds a large, well-diversified portfolio. 2. What is the conceptual foundation of the flow-to-equity approach to capital budgeting? Answer: In the flow-to-equity approach to capital budgeting, the after-tax cash flows that are available to be paid to equity holders are discounted at the levered equity required rate of return. Hence, the interest costs of debt are subtracted from the earnings of the firm in considering the amount of tax the firm will owe, and the interest payments that the firm must make are taken out of the residual free cash flow. The discount rate for these levered equity flows therefore must reflect the fact that equity is a residual claimant on the cash flows of the firm. 3. What is the weighted average cost of capital? Answer: The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approach to capital budgeting involves forecasting the all-equity free cash flows of the firm and then finding the value of the levered firm by discounting the all-equity free cash flows at an appropriate WACC. It is a one-step procedure for finding the value of the operating assets plus the value of the interest tax shields. The weighted average cost of capital is the weighted sum of the after-tax required rate of return on the firm’s debt and the required rate of return on the firm’s levered equity. The weight for the after-tax rate of return on the firm’s debt is the ratio of the market value of the debt to the market value of total assets. The weight for the rate of return on the firm’s levered equity is the ratio of the market value of the equity to the market value of total assets. Once the total value of the firm is found, the market value of equity is found by subtracting the market value of the d ebt from the value of the levered firm. 4. Should a firm ever accept a project that has a negative NPV when discounted at the weighted average cost of capital? Answer: One reason we like the adjusted net present value approach to valuation is that it specifies all of the possible sources of value for a project. The WACC approach works well for projects that will support a certain percentage of leverage and that have no other associated features, such as interest subsidies or growth options that might add value to the project. If the only cash flows from the project are the ones that are being discounted and there are no other sources of value, other than the interest tax shields that are included in the WACC analysis, then the WACC approach finds the market value of the levered project. If this is negative, the project should be rejected. 5. Can you do capital budgeting for a foreign project using a domestic currency discount rate? Explain your answer. Answer: The answer to the question is yes; you certainly can do capital budgeting for a foreign project using a domestic currency discount rate. You just have to be careful to match the cash flows with the discount rate. One fundamental principle of capital budgeting is that the discount rate should reflect the currency of denomination of the expected cash flows that are being discounted. If a foreign project is providing expected future foreign currency cash flows, these can be discounted to the present using a foreign currency discount rate that reflects the riskiness of the project. The domestic currency present value of this foreign currency present value can then be determined by converting from the present value of foreign currency into the present value of domestic currency using the spot exchange rate. Alternatively, one can generate expected future domestic currency cash flows in future years by converting expected future foreign currency cash flows into expected future dome stic currency cash flows using expected future spot exchange rates. These expected future domestic currency cash flows should then be discounted to the present using an appropriate domestic currency discount rate. 6. Why might it be important to use period-specific discount rates when doing capital budgeting? Answer: We know that risk free spot interest rates are the appropriate discount rates for cash flows from risk free pure discount bonds. If the term structure of spot interest rates is not flat, that is, if it is upward sloping or downward sloping, using the same discount factor for all the cash flows of a risky project will not be correct. If the term structure is upward sloping, and you use the single long-term rate as the base for your risk adjusted discount rate, you will needlessly penalize the earlier cash flows from the project because short-term spot interest rates are lower than long-term spot interest rates. Conversely, if the term structure is downward sloping, and you use the single long-term rate as the base for your risk adjusted discount rate, you will be incorrectly enhancing the value of the earlier cash flows from the project because the short-term interest rates that should be used to discount near-term cash flows are higher than the long-term rates that should be used to discount longer-term cash flows. 7. Why is it necessary to consider forecasts of real currency appreciation and depreciation when doing an international capital budgeting analysis? Answer: The most important reason to consider forecasts of real currency appreciation or depreciation is that it is likely that a change in the real exchange rate will affect the cash flows of the project. Remember that a real depreciation of the domestic currency makes domestic exporters more profitable and domestic importers less profitable. Also, real appreciations typically reverse themselves somewhat slowly, so that knowledge of the current situation is necessary to know whether the future expected changes in the real exchange rate are going to enhance or detract from the cash flows of the project. Finally, if forecasts of nominal exchange rates are being made with uncovered interest rate parity, these will be somewhat different than forecasts based on relative purchasing power parity. If the market thinks that there will be a real appreciation or depreciation in the future, forecasts of nominal exchange rates based on relative purchasing power parity will not be correct. 8. What is the rate of return on invested capital? How is it calculated? Answer: The rate of return on invested capital is the free cash flow of the firm divided by the firm’s total assets. If the firm is earning its weighted average cost of capital, the rate of return on invested capital should equal its WACC. If we think of an investment that the firm is making, the rate of return on capital expenditure is the incremental free cash flow divided by the CAPX. Here again, it is important for the firm to do investments in which the rate of return on invested capital equals or exceeded the WACC – otherwise the firm is destroying value. 9. If you borrow a foreign currency, what interest deduction would you receive on your taxes? Answer: When you borrow in a foreign currency, you get an interest deduction for the domestic currency value of the foreign interest that you pay. 10. If you borrow a foreign currency, are there any capital gains taxes to worry about? Answer: If you borrow in a foreign currency, there are capital gains taxes to worry about. If the domestic currency has appreciated relative to the foreign currency between when the initial borrowing took place and when the principal is being repaid, it takes less of the domestic currency to repay the foreign currency principal than the amount of domestic currency that you had access to when you borrowed. Thus, you are repaying less than you borrowed and that capital gain is income to you and is taxed by the fiscal authorities. Conversely, if the domestic currency has depreciated relative to the foreign currency between when the initial borrowing took place and when the principal is being repaid, it takes more of the domestic currency to repay the foreign currency principal than the amount of domestic currency that you had access to when you borrowed. Thus, you are repaying more than you borrowed and that capital loss is deductible for tax purposes. 11. Why might a manager accept a high-variance, low-value project instead of a low-variance, high-value project? Answer: Shareholders only gain in good states of the world, and if the variance of the firm is higher, they gain more in those good states. Holders of debt get paid their full amount in good states of the world, and they get the value of the firm in the bad states of the world. By accepting a high variance project, managers may be able to shift some value from bondholders to shareholders. In such a situation the manager is said to have engaged in asset substitution. 12. Why would a manager not accept a positive net present value project? Answer: The value of the project accrues to the firm as a whole. Thus, if the firm has risky debt in its capital structure, some of the value of the project will accrue to the bondholders, and the remainder will accrue to the equity holders. The increase in the value of equity may be less than the equity holders must contribute to finance the investment in the project. Hence, a manager acting in the interests of the shareholders would forego such a project. This situation is referred to as an underinvestment problem.