Racial and Ethnic Politics in Latin America

The article suggests that despite attempts by some of the Latin American regimes to assimilate the marginalized indigenous societies, the latter are still mainly subjugated culturally and economically.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Racial and Ethnic Politics in Latin America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Official anti-racist positions slowly become the norm in Latin America and the integration of indigenous populations through indigenismo was given continental respectability in 1940 at the First Inter-American Indian Conference held in Mexico. (434) The article thus suggests that the underlying reasons towards multicultural democratizing is not driven by the real indigenistas but rather the apologists or racial democrats who just like their predecessors the racist colonialists regard the assimilation of the indigenous people and culture into the mainstream white European ruling class and Mestizos will enha nce nationalism. This has been mainly manifest in Brazil and Mexico who to their credit positively strived to assimilate the indigenous customs into the mainstream society. The article traces the Latin American multiracial model global impact to the unrest in southern Mexico by the Zapatistats or the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN). The revolutionaries consciously linked their movement unto the indigenous people’s social struggle during the formative Mexican revolution. The movement was also closely predisposed to leftist/Marxist ideologies and own indigenous cultural norms forming a global Zapitista network philosophy, to further international union. Zapististas hence integrated their indigenous nationalist cultural demands with contemporary social-political demands that resonated well with many other globally marginalized groups, particularly within their Latin American backyard. The significant themes thus propagated by these groups, including autonomy and libera l aspirations, made them more globally accepted, especially amongst the racially subjugated indigenous groups. The EZLN has also supported critics of economic liberalization linked to social injustice brought about by neo-capitalism that inherently further entrench poverty and despotism amongst the mostly rural-based indigenous communities.Advertising Looking for article on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article has also traced the neglect of the Afro-Americans have been predominantly sidelined even as other marginalized communities made large strides, particularly in Bolivia, Mexico and Venezuela. The descendants of slaves are deprived the prospect to own land, customs and other sovereign rights. They are the most economically and racially deflated group primarily suffering lack of ‘cultural citizenship’. Nonetheless, Brazil, which has the most sizable black population (49 percent), has st rived to integrate the Afro-descendants effectively into the national social-cultural fabric. Other notable migrants are of Arab origin mostly Christians and some Muslims. The article thus suggests dominance and inferiority linked to racial disparities are artificially created to gratify the socio-political agenda of the paramount bloc. Consequently, ethnic and cultural grouping are not confined to or within communities. This article on Racial and Ethnic Politics in Latin America was written and submitted by user JoantheMouse to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brand Loyalty Essays

Brand Loyalty Essays Brand Loyalty Essay Brand Loyalty Essay One of the major goals of marketing is reaching the brand loyalty phase to a customer. Brand loyalty would be the commitment of a consumer to continue purchasing and supporting the company/brand. Companies benefit from this because they have a constant customer who would spread the word about the company and will be willing to pay higher prices for a certain product or service. Brand Loyalty Most people if not everyone is loyal to a certain brand or service. When a company offers good customer service, a unique product, benefits for purchasing that product and other incentives, etc, a consumer will start leaning to that brand each time they consider purchasing that product. I recently asked my husband about any brands he considered to be loyal to, he told me that Apple/ Macintosh is one of his favorite electronics brand. Things that attracted him and held him to this brand were their original designs/looks, great customer service, dependability, and frequent innovations. In 1976 Apple Computer Inc. ame to be in Cupertino, California. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. In 2007 they dropped â€Å"Computer† from their name because of their expansion in electronic products. Since the early days of Apple, they have been known to â€Å"reinvent the wheel† and taking the risk of trying something new and innovative. Apple has always strived to push the limits and to provide more efficient computers, s leeker designs, and products offered by no other company. Apple is also known to be a very environmentally conscious company. Consumers enter into a purchase with certain expectations about a product or a service and satisfaction is the hoped-for-outcome. Those expectations are based on (1) Past buying experience, (2) Brand connotations, (3) Word-of-mouth, (4) The firm’s promotional material and communication, (6) Individual persuability and perceptual distortion, and (7) Price. In this context, brand loyalty occurs as a result of customer satisfaction because consumers commit to a certain brand based on favorable attitudes and behavioral responses. Behavioral and Attitudinal brand loyalty: Brand loyalty can be classified into two broad categories:   a) Behavioral brand loyalty is measured by the ratio of the times that a repeated purchase occurs over total purchases. This measurement of proportion of purchases includes cognitive, affective and co native features, which imply an indirect relationship between brand loyalty and customer satisfaction. In other words, considerations of customers perceptions about a brand can make or break a firm’s branding strategy in the context of repetitive purchases when measuring brand loyalty levels. ) Attitudinal brand loyalty holds that brand loyalty involves a favorable attitude which reflects a preference or commitment expressed over time. This argument implies that consumers like the particular firm more than its competitors and therefore they express a favorable preference over the firm’s products or services. Both behavioral and attitudinal brand loyalty consider that consumer have developed a feeling of favorab le attitudes towards the organization and therefore they engage in repeat purchases. However, marketing studies hold that, often, repeat purchases occur as a result of convenience or lack of alternatives bearing no intentional component. Factors influencing brand loyalty: It has been suggested that loyalty includes some degree of pre-dispositional commitment toward a brand. Brand loyalty is viewed as multidimensional construct. It is determined by several distinct psychological processes and it entails multivariate measurements. Customers perceived value, brand trust, customers satisfaction, repeat purchase behavior, and commitment are found to be the key influencing factors of brand loyalty. Commitment and repeated purchase behavior are considered as necessary conditions for brand loyalty followed by perceived value, satisfaction, and brand trust. Fred Reichheld, one of the most influential writers on brand loyalty, claimed that enhancing customer loyalty could have dramatic effects on profitability. Among the benefits from brand loyalty. Specifically, longer tenure or staying as a customer for longer was said to be lower sensitivity to price. This claim had not been empirically tested until recently. Recent research found evidence that longer-term customers were indeed less sensitive to price increases. Benefits of brand loyalty: The benefits of brand loyalty for a firm are numerous. First of all, loyal customers are less price- sensitive, which means that they are ready to pay a higher price, if required, in order to acquire the product or service. As a result, apart from higher profitability for the firm, the cost incurred for pursuing new customers is reduced. Loyal customers are also strong advocates of the firm playing a powerful role in the decision making process of other people. The word-of-mouth advertisement is a strong marketing tool that improves the firm’s reputation and brings certainty to the firm by enlarging its customer base. In addition, loyal customer expose higher tolerance for mistakes, are willing to provide feedback for any unfulfilled needs, to try additional products and to offer a higher share of wallet. In todays highly competitive environments, improving consumers loyalty to brands permits marketers to maintain a comfortable and lasting position in the marketplace. The issue of brand loyalty has been examined at great length. Branding is by far one of the most important factors influencing an items success or failure in the marketplace, and can have a dramatic impact on how the company behind the brand is perceived by the buying public. In other words, the brand is not just a representation of a companys product; it is a symbol of  the company itself, and that is where the core of brand loyalty lies. Therefore, a strong brand is more than just a name; it is a promise that can be trusted.

Experimental economics summary paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Experimental economics summary paper - Essay Example Main Findings The article specifically showed that reciprocity is achieved when trust has been developed through personal and social interaction. This was identified in the experiment using the concept of investment game. The belief that self-interest can substantially explain how an individual may behave from an economic standpoint was challenged and proved to be insufficient to give explanation in understanding human behavior in the economic context (Berg, Dickhaut, & McCabe 137). The concept of trust and reciprocity was found to be dominating in the investment game which implies that individuals try to develop relationship and are willing to give up self-interested motives. The whole point of this is that an individual wants to continue harmonious relationship and aim for stability in order to be treated with fairness and equality in the long run. Another important justification and which could also stand as another important result is the inclusion of social norm as the basis of decision of an individual to go for trust and reciprocity (Berg, Dickhaut, & McCabe 132).

Nobel prize winner Franco Modigliani Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nobel prize winner Franco Modigliani - Essay Example Instead, he opted to study law because that was the most famous field of education during that time in Italy. While studying law, he won first prize in an essay competition that was on economics; and this laid foundation for him to pursue economics in future. However, he had known that economics would not provide much opportunity for him in Europe because of fascist movements. Modigliani left Italy because of the fascist movements and the pact between Hitler and Stalin. From Rome, he moved to Paris and then to the United States just before the World War II began. He left for the United States to pursue his studies on Economics after realizing that his efforts in Europe would be futile due to political turmoil. He joined the New School for Social Research in New York that provided him the scholarship to study. There, he completed his PhD in social science in 1944 and worked as assistant professor in mathematical economics and econometrics in 1946. Between 1946 and 1960 he was associat ed with University of Chicago, University of Illinois, Carnegie Institute, Harvard University and Northwestern University. In 1948, he was awarded the Political Economy Fellowship of the University of Chicago. ... iting professor, Modigliani also worked on various other important and futuristic aspects of international finance, international payment system, impact of inflation, into various fields of finance such as credit rationing, the term structure of interest rates and the valuation of speculative assets. Modigliani, along with his student Richard Brumberg in 1954, formulated the life-cycle hypothesis of saving that was later developed by Modigliani and Albert Ando in 1963 with the use of many empirical studies. Modigliani’s work on this hypothesis was revisited again in 1980. This hypothesis debates upon Maynard Keynes’ General Theory or the consumption theory that directly relates current consumption with current income. Contrary to Keynesian theory, the life-cycle theory postulates that individual consumption in any time period depends on: resources available to the individual; the rate of return on his capital; and the age of the individual (Dwivedi, 159-160). On broader level, this hypothesis relates to the national economy in the way that national saving is directly linked with national income and mass of national wealth will be in proportion with the length of life span of working. This hypothesis made along with Brumberg was not empirically proven, and hence did not gain significance until Modigliani proved this hypothesis along with Ando and other associates. Modigliani’s hypothesized that in general, individuals tend to keep their expenditure and lifestyle constant, irrespective of their varying levels of income. This means, individuals tend to save more money when their earnings are higher and save less when their earnings drop. When their income is higher, they tend to spend more without assessing potential risks in future to their incomes; however, if

Entry Mode in the Chinese Car Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Entry Mode in the Chinese Car Industry - Essay Example As more and more manufacturing companies, operating internationally, face heavy domestic and global pressure and make increasing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) abroad, the research of the entry mode decision has caught the attention of managers and academic scholars. In this regard, many theories, which identify and focus on diversified variables that influence the entry mode decision, have been developed. After several years of continuous growth, China is now the fourth-largest automobile market in the world next to U.S., Japan and Germany. Even the development continues at just half its current pace, there is a possibility that China could leap into second place in 3-5 years. Automobile executives, facing flat or falling sales in their home markets, predict that China will become their biggest market on the next decade. Thus competitions in the Chinese car market will become tough, which will eventually mark down automobile prices to a rational level and extend competition in price, quality and after-sale service. Since there is an increase in the number of wealthy Chinese yearly and that the recent statistics reveals that Chinese private citizens have overtaken the government in the purchased of car units, automobile giants both at home and abroad look at the Chinese car market as their prospect. ... Probably the mounting of sales is attributed to the car loan offerings of banks, series of price cuts for homemade cars promoted by a tariff cut in January and the construction of additional roads. There is immense untapped growth potential in China's automobile market. According to government statistics, last year car ownership was only 1.5 units per 1,000 persons over the global average of more than 90 units. Besides, statistics also reveal that in the next five years about 32% of China's urban residents intend to buy a car. These results bode well for car marketers both in China and abroad. Giant global automobile industries now are either responding with vast investment or reforming models like mini cars that most fit the Chinese family use. Following Volkswagen and Citroen, almost all of major car manufactures, such as General Motors, Ford Motor, Honda, Fiat, Toyota and Mazda, made investments in joint ventures with Chinese carmakers successively thus intensifying competition for market shares. Unlike the international automobile giants, China's automobile industry is fragmented. Of the 118 car manufactures in China, most are small, whereas its top five manufacturers produced 37 percent of total output in 2001. However, with the current low labor cost which is only one-twentieth and one-thirtieth of that in Japan, the government labeled China as a "pillar industry" that has great room for development. But still it is expected to be a difficult process and the need for Chinese government restructure the industry is yet to realize. With the commitments to the WTO in 2003, China has agreed to implement another round of tariff cuts for automobiles before ultimately reducing the tariff level for automobiles to 25 percent by 2006. Besides, China is also

Pantaloons Retail India Limited

Pantaloons Retail India Limited Future Group focuses most in the retail segment and most of its businesses are built around the same. Future Groups retail network operates 1,000 stores for more than 200 million Indians in 73 cities and 65 rural locations across the country in 16 million square feet of retail space. Some of the most popular retail chains of India like Pantaloons (chain of fashion destinations), Big Bazaar (hypermarket chain), Food Bazaar (supermarket chain) and Central (chain of seamless destination malls) Brand Factory, Planet Sports, ALL, Top 10 and Star and Sitara are managed by Future group. Indias most popular online shopping portal www.futurebazaar.com is also owned by the Future Group. Home building and home improvement products and services are also led through the groups formats, like the Home Town (large-format home solutions store), Collection i (formats specialized for home furniture and home furnishing) and Furniture Bazaar and consumer electronics through eZone and Electronics Bazaar. Aadhaar, Indias leading rural retailing chain has a presence in more than 65 rural locations. It acts as a complete solution provider for the Indian farmer. Pantaloons Retail India Limited Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited is one of the leading retailers in India. Mr. Kishore Biyani, is the founder and is famously known as Indias King of Retail. Pantaloon has revolutionized the retail fraternity. With its headquarter in Mumbai, Pantaloons operates multiple retail formats in value and lifestyle segment. Pantaloons plans to increase its retail space to 30 million sq. ft. by 2011. PRIL is sub-divided into: Pantaloons Big bazaar Food Bazaar Fashion Station All Blue sky E-zone Collection 1 Home town Central Mall 2001 Indias first hypermarket chain Big bazaar is launched 2002 Food bazaar, a supermarket chain is launched 2006 Future groups financial arm, Future capital holdings launches two real estate funds Pantaloons High fashion family department, geared toward Indian middle and upper classes. In 2005, pantaloons rolled out a new merchandise and brand communication campaign to position itself as fashion trendsetter appeal to Indias youth. Central Mall It is positioned as a place for shopping, eat and enjoying. Big Bazaar Big Bazaar hypermarket concept was started in 2007 by PRIL. It was designed to integrate elements of an Indian bazaar with recent retailing features like parking of vehicles, AC shopping environment and privilege of replacing merchandise. Food Bazaar The first outlet of Food Bazaar opened in June 2002, within a Big Bazaar store, six month later the chain had grown to 42 outlets: 18 stand alone. Future Groups main businesses are : E-commerce Futurebazaar.com, Pantaloons website has changed the e-commerce business in India. A wide range of products are made available at affordable prices. PC World has named the website as the Best Indian Website for 2007 in the Shopping category. Food In the food section, a lot of options are available like Food Bazaar Chain of large super markets Brew Bar Its a beer bar Cafà © Bollywood -Its a eateries chain which is PAN India Chamosa Snack counter Sports Bar A Bistro which is dedicated to the sports world Fashion Varieties of options are available in this section like Top 10, Central, Blue Sky, Etam, Fashion Station, Gini, Jony, Navaras and ALL. Home Electronics Furniture store called Collection i Electronic goods and appliances store called Electronics Bazaar Electronics Items store called e-zone Home furniture store called Furniture Bazaar One destination for all home needs called Home Town Leisure Entertainment A family entertainment center called Bowling Co. A store offering gaming options from bowling, pool, video games to bumper cars called F 123 Wellness Beauty Health Village Its a yoga center as well a spa Star Sitara: A beauty salon for men and women Tulsi Allopathic, homeopathic and ayurvedic medicinal products are provided Turmeric Beauty products like colour cosmetics, fragrances, herbal and specialty skin items, hair products and bath accessories are offered. Books Music Depot It offers stationary, CDs and books Major Achievements of Pantaloon Retail 2007 International Retailer of the Year 2007 Emerging market Retailer of the Year 2007 According to Hewitt Best Employers Survey Best Employers in India (Rank 14th) 2006 Best Managed Company in India (Mid-cap) for the year 2006 Image Retail Awards for Best Value Retail Store, Best Retail Destination, and Best Food Grocery Store. Retail Black Hole Model The Black hole model is also known as The Retail EST Model. It was developed by J.C Williams Group. According to this model a retailer can win if he is the best in one of the several retail offerings i.e to say that the company is clearly positioned in one or more preferred locations to win and hence they are the strategic differentiators. The losers gravitate to central position, are not best at anything and are sucked into the black hole of retailing We have a store opening virtually every fortnight; I have lost count now of how many I have opened Kishore Biyani Big Bazaar A paradigm shift to the Modern Retail Big Bazaar is a unit of Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd and caters to the Great Indian Middle Class. It is like an Indian bazaar or mandi or mela, the environment created by traders to give shoppers a sense of moment. The personality of big bazaar is one of an entity being authentically no-frills. The personality of the brand is self expressed by its tagline Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi It sells a variety of merchandise at affordable rates, the prices of which it claims are lowest in the city. Usually the items are clubbed together for offers as on the lines of Wal-Mart and Carrefour, offer weekend discounts and works on the same economy model as Wal-Mart and has considerable success in many Indian cities and small towns. Food Bazaar format was added as Shop-In-Shop within Big Bazaar in the year 2002. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar blend the look, feel and touch of Indian Bazaar with modern retail concepts of choice, convenience and quality. PRODUCT MIX TARGET AUDIENCE Higher and upper middle class customers are the target segment of Big bazaar. Another preferred customer segment is the young and growing population of the country. Big bazaar primarily targets the women folk and home makers who they feel are the primary decision makers. CORE COMPETENCIES Product range consisting of more than 20,000 products. Has a strong supply chain spanning one thousand five hundred cities and towns in India. Big bazaar has tie ups with world leaders in logistical services. Big bazaar has created a helpline for solving the queries of customers. Offers manufacturers guarantee as opposed to sellers guarantee. Good quality at reasonable cost. STRATEGIES: Minimize retailing cost. Minimize operating expenses by employing fewer floor staff -single person for every 500 sq ft. Keep furniture cost to minimum. Cut down expenses related to sourcing by almost 25-30%. Increasing the overall efficiency of logistics by creating mother-hubs all across India for the purpose of sourcing products from regional/local vendors. Slashing channel cost by up to 25%. Economizing Shelf Space Dealing with unsold stock in an effective manner. Ensuring enough pull to snatch away customers from the neighbourhood. Introducing the concept of todays price wherein a products is chosen on a daily basis and sold at lower than usual price. Big Bazaars New Marketing Strategy: A new marketing strategy, based on guerrilla marketing has been launched by big bazaar. The guerrilla force is divided into small groups to selectively attack the target at its weak points. As a part of this strategy Future group has come up with three catchy and cocky advertisement campaigns. Keep West-a-Side. Make a smart choice! Shoppers! Stop. Make a smart choice! Change Your Lifestyle. Make a smart choice! STRATEGIC ANALYSIS SWOT analysis of Big Bazaar PEST ANALYSIS Political and Legal Factors: A stable government at the centre creates an encouraging investment climate Problems of getting subsidy from Octrai and on different taxes like land, water taxes A less complicated taxation structure(GST) on the horizon. Problems regarding taking over properties and real estate. Easing restrictions on FDI by the government leading to easier import of foreign consumer goods, thereby bringing variety to the Indian market place. Economical: India is one of the fastest growing economies, next only to China (7-7.5% GDP growth rate). Retail Industry to grow leaps and bounds by 2015 due to the consumption driven economy of the country. Increase in the percentage contribution of the service sector to GDP. Increased emphasis on infrastructural growth in the current 5 year plan will help reduce some of the bottlenecks in the retail segment. Socio-Cultural Factors: Increase in Nuclear families Increase in working womens proposition Life style changes Shift in Product and service preferences Increase in Young population giving the country a demographic advantage Technological: Technological development for fast billing and the service Better applications of information technology in the modern retail industry, like in supply chain management, store management, point of sale and customer relationship management Porters Five Forces Model 7 P Analysis of Big Bazaar Product There is a wide range of products on offer at Big-bazaar, ranging from apparels, food, farm products, furniture, child care, toys, etc. Products of all the major brands are available at Big Bazaar. A lot of in house brands (private labels) are also promoted by Big Bazaar. Price The tag-line of Big Bazaar is Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi. The model on which Big bazaar works is one of economies of scale. Maximum Market Share (market penetration pricing) is the major objective of pricing at Big bazaar. Place Big-bazaar has a pan India presence with more than seventy-five outlets spread across fifty cities. Big Bazaar has presence in almost all the major Indian cities. Kishore Biyani is very aggressive when it comes to expansion plans of Big bazaar. As per Biyani, the cost of real estate should preferably be less than 5% of total sales of store if one wants to provide maximum benefit to customers. Securing spaces before other retailers join in has been a strategic decision of Big bazaar which has resulted in cost-saving. Promotion Many novel cross sell and upsell strategies have been developed by Big bazaar in Indian retail market. Big Bazaar uses various promotional techniques such as saal ke sabse saste teen din, Future card, Shakti card, using M.S.Dhoni as brand ambassador, Exchange offers such as junk swap offer, POP promotions. Print media, TV, Radio (FM) and road-side bill-boards are some of the many means used by Big bazaar for advertizing and effective communication. People People are considered to be one of the key assets in any organization and their importance is even more profound in the service sector. Big bazaars staff possesses some salient features such as: The staff is well trained for modern retail. Innovative thinking among the employees is encouraged at Big bazaar. Multiple payment counters, availability of stores staff for keeping baggage and presence of security guard at every gate. Process Some of the salient features of dispatch and purchasing area of goods include : Trolleys are available for carrying purchased items sufficient nos of counters for easy check-out are present. Information hoardings/banners for efficient identification of items at store Physical Evidence It deals with the final deliverable or the exhibit of written facts. The staff has standardized dress code to improve the overall appearance of the store (atmospherics). FINANCIAL ANALYSIS of PRIL PRIL Profit and Loss Statement Interpretation Total revenues have constantly been on the rise. This is partly due to the increasing sales resulting from aggressive expansion plans (opening up of outlets) of PRIL. PAT has also been on steady rise though it has flattened a bit in recent years probably due to higher operating costs, inability to transfer the increased cost to the customer etc. EPS has also been on a steady rise apart from a single occasion in 2007 when it went down. The reason could be a rights issue or other similar action leading to equity dilution. The return on capital employed has been decreasing YoY. This could because of concern for the company. The debt equity ratio has not been too volatile and has always been below 2 which is an indication of sound financial status of the company. Aggressive Marketing: Promotions The promotional activity of the company, which says Nobody Sells Cheaper and Better! has differentiated Big-Bazaar (as a brand) in the minds of the customer. The punch-line has made its place in minds of customer. As the competition is becoming stiff in the market the activities conducted by the company are unique, that have brought fruitful result to the company. Among them sales Promotions is one of the leading activity or unique among all other activities has high influence on the customer walk-in. As sales promotions is the major force for Big-Bazaar, Big Bazaar take it very seriously especially during festivals special occasions by focussing aggressively on psychological emotional promotion strategies as per the demographic profile of the various consumers. About 60-70% of shopping for apparel, consumer durables, and home furnishing, among other things, happen during festivals. At least 40-50% takes place during the peak festival season, between September and November. According to Ashni Biyani, 23, a team is set up six months ago comprising experts on Indian mythology and religion, retail and even an expert on days, seriously targeted one-third of the 150 auspicious days in the Hindu calendar. They map all the communities in India on how they shop and how these calendars work. They focus to understand intuitively, their customs, their rituals, adding that this is the part of a larger strategy to engage customers and to attract that India which lives in the deep-rooted communities. Sabse Saste 3 Din: The best watershed for brand Big Bazaar was the introduction of the Sabse Sasta Din in January 2005, when the Indian Republic Day holiday was utilized to make sure that hordes of consumers descended on all Big Bazaars across the country to buy all kinds of household items cheap. There were scenes of customers actually vigorously fighting over items in-store long queues were seen in the store. Big Bazaar like previous years, attracted large crowds during its three day sales event called Sabse Saste 3 Din organised to celebrate the Republic Day. Depending on the results, the event is sometimes extended to 5-6 days as it happened in 2008. The promotional event being organised by Big Bazaar every year has assumed great significance over the years. A large number of customers look forward to this event as hefty discounts on a range of products are offered to the customers in partnership with the retail chains vendors on this occasion. This is, perhaps, the biggest sales event being organised by any retailer in the country. Big Bazaar, which sold merchandise worth Rs 140 crores in 2007, garnered revenues of over Rs. 280 crores during the year 2008 the growth still continues unexpectedly. As mentioned by Kishore Biyani, the whole focus is low margins pushing volumes aggressively during these times which make the Big-Bazaar stick to its core Brand-Personality. Wednesday and Weekend Bazaar: One of the most popular events Wednesday Bazaar presents terrific offers and irresistible discounts on majority of the products. The Concept was to aim at giving the homemakers the power to save the most on this day of the week. Even on weekends when the footfall is the highest, eye-catching offers and discounts are promoted. The weekend promotions differentiated from the Wednesday bazaar in terms of the offers cross-selling and not on reducing the price of a particular product. This way they were able to differentiate both the concepts focus on avoiding confusion while promoting it to the consumers and also attract different type of consumers during these durations. Special event promotions: Maha Bachat Sale: Big Bazaars incorporates such as on Independence day by having Maha Bachat Sale which did a business of 1.5 crores in its Bangalore store alone. Maha Bachat focuses on further reducing the price as compared to the Wednesday Bazaar. Also on auspicious occasions such as Akshaya Tritiya which again did a business of 150Cr on a single day in Mumbai Ahmedabad last year. An event offering discounts, benefits and privileges to senior citizens were created and promoted on the Senior Citizens Day. Monthly Bachat Bazaar: Big Bazaar understands clearly the habits of Indian consumers. In Monthly Bachat Bazaar the prices are reduced at the start of every month in order to target those consumers who bulk purchase the products and especially the commodities every month. Price Challenge Campaign: Reinforcing Big Bazaars USP of value proposition, Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi scheme was launched. The challenges promise to offer twice the price difference, if the cost of any of the item found in the store is found to be higher than the market price. This doesnt mean that the consumer actually go to other shops in order to compare the prices, but due to this challenge of Big-Bazaar, the consumers had more faith trust on the Big-Bazaar and hence were confident seeing the confidence level of Big-Bazaar which again built a strong brand differentiation of Big-Bazaar for low pricing. Exchange Offers: This promotion primarily focused on letting people disposing off their junk and to gain something out of it in return i.e. Bring anything old take anything new. They could exchange their products and shop from a huge spectrum of discounted products. This gave the motivation factor to consumers to give their old belongings for something worth hence their old is not getting waste or is unvalued. Since the Indian consumers are very much value conscious, this strategy worked out very well. Big-Bazaar also made it sure that the campaign is actually not fooling the consumers around and is actually giving the desired value focusing on the fact that faith thrashed is never recovered in India. In- Store Communications: To ensure that no one misses out on an opportunity to gain from special offers, service boys ferry around a trolley with the product inside, announcing the scheme. Not only is this entertaining it also helps customers pick up the product from the trolley instead of walking up to the rack where it is on display. Language Customization: To make sure that non-English speaking customers dont feel alienated, the communication is also conducted in the local language. The communication is always unambiguous and direct. The Power of One Campaign: This initiative encourages customers to add One Rupee to their bill towards donation to a social cause. Big Bazaar makes an equal contribution and donates the entire proceeds to an NGO called Save the Children India. This is a selfless body which has been working for the welfare of children from marginalized sections of society. Corporate campaign: Big Bazaar has recently launched a corporate campaign which revolves around a family having a great time together. The brand anthem Khushiyon se Bhari Jholi connects with the customers at an emotional level positioning Big Bazaar as part of the happy moments. Future Cards: Specifically for Big Bazaar outlets these credit-cum-loyalty card which offer customers a slew of discounts and benefits across Future Group stores are co-branded with ICICI Bank. Customers receive four loyalty points for every Rs 100 spent at Future groups retail stores and one loyalty point for every Rs 200 spent outside the groups retail stores. This creates a vicious cycle for the customers to repeat their purchases and is especially done by the consumers during special occasions. School Jao Khushi Khushi Providing Discounts School related requirements accessories like school bags, water bottles, lunchboxes, shoes etc. Promotions include: Pencil Case for purchase of above Rs 500. Free shopping trip worth Rs 1000/- for Sending ones experience of the Best day that you had in school the most humorous the best one is selected as a winner and to avail the offer. Lucky draw for the lucky kids shop for Rs 1,000 above, drop in your kids name into the drop box 10 lucky kids were provided with the offer 30% off on an NIIT course Motivational offer for Kids: Shop for Rs 500 or above, Parents are told to drop in the kids painting, the best painting is sponsored for an art course. Doston ke saath khushiyon manao Individual are invited with friends more the merrier shopping with 1 friend entitles the individual with 10% discount, coming with two friends get 20% discount etc on the total bill. Friendship band to every walk-in A friend indeed -people were told to drop their best friends name in the drop-box and in lucky draw the winner could win the major prize A Car!! Special treatment emotional connect for the individual his/her friend -free massage, tattoos, horoscope etc were provided for purchases above Rs 500/- above during the friendship day. Diwali Dhamaka: This campaign especially remains open for longer duration Huge discounts are seen over the board If purchase is above Rs 300/- two pairs of diya were provided to the customers Tie up with known mithaiwala: if one purchases above 1000/- people can avail discounts of 45% or above on the mithai purchased from that mithaiwala. Motivating the home made mithai recepies: Purchasing goods worth Rs 500 above, females were pulled to send the recipe of their secret mithai the best judged recipe gets a complete set of Sanjeev Kapoors cook-books Diwali Manao Abroad winning through lucky draw on purchases worth Rs 1,000 or above. Christmas Joy: Across the board discounts. Big Bazaars special surprise Christmas gift on purchase of over Rs 1000/- or above. Christmas-Card Design Contest: Design next years Christmas card for children and a gift voucher worth Rs. 500 were given to the best card winner. Big Bazaar Christmas party focussing on points vouchers through festival focussed games. Happy-Hours: All the discounts/offers were hiked up in a fixed hr of a day eg: Buy X and get Rs 10 off on that day will become Rs 15 off. Mystery-Shopper: Everyday, one person is tagged as the mystery shopper i.e. a) 100th person walking through the door wearing all red b) 1st person walking through the door wearing all red These person gets the discount of 50% on the total bill. Apke kismat mein hai khushi: Lucky is happy Based on scratch card Get all that you pick in 60 seconds till reaching the billing counter Assured gift for the bulk takers: Choose a gift from the listed items if the bill is above 1000/- This is used especially to push the non-moving goods which is usually put in the listed free gift items. Banto khushiyan har ek ke sang: Social causes Khilone se khushi bate Toy drop box was set in the big-bazaar store and the concept was promoted to ask for the toys from the families then the toys were sent to the social organisations working for underprivileged childrens. This has helped the underprivileged, generate goodwill, and have also attracted the floor traffic to store at the large scale. Supporting a charity Support through charity: Donation to the charity on the individuals name for purchasing above a specified amount. Customers were given an ornament with his or her name on it to hang signifying the donation by the individual. Advertisements: Advertising for Big-Bazaar is an essential component of brand building. The advertisement focusing on brand building of Big-Bazaar is done through various ways, Some of the techniques applied are: Tag Line: One of the key components of Big Bazaar is its Tag Lines. Designed according to the demographic profile of customers in order to get connected easily with simple one-liners. The catch liners includes Chane ke bhaw kaaju, Stall ke bhaw balcony etc. Holistic Advertisement: Promotes the brand and creates awareness among people. It is not targeted at promoting each store but only creates an image of Big-Bazaar as low-cost shopping option. The store has advertised through TV, road-shows and also started reality show typed promotional campaign The Big Bazaar Challenge Promotions like Sabse Sasta Din is very successful strategy to get footfall. Print-Ads: Just before the launch of any new schemes Big-Bazaar spends heavily on advertisements in print media especially newspapers. This is done in order to create a buzz about the big-bazaar brand its upcoming schemes. TV-Ads: various channels are utilized properly, also as per the demographics cultural channels the schemes, promotions especially the common brand tag-line is aired in order to create top of the mind awareness Road side Advertisements: As a brand building exercise, big-bazaar displays bill-boards in prime locations as per the target people. Focus is more on the phrases which is targeted to the needs of the customers as per the market conditions at that particular point of time. Radio-Ads: The major focus through radio ads is in Tier-12 cities. And the prime emphasis is given on radio ads for promotions in order to inform customers for all the new happenings schemes at Big-Bazaar. Fashion-Shows: The latest innovation of the Indian iconic brand is FASHION @ BIG BAZAAR Desh Badla, Bhesh Badlo. In order to make an effort to take the Fashion to the masses, a three-day fashion show was organized by Big-Bazaar on the streets of Bandra, Mumbai. Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: For marketing and advertising its brand name, value endorsement co-branding is used by Big Bazaar. Earlier Himesh Reshammiya Sanath Jaisuriya was associated with Big-Bazaar. Also, recently the current campaigns are being associated promoted with the Indian cricket ODI captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Communication through Media: Heavy spending is carried out for proper position of Big Bazaar through the different mediums. Paper advertisements are released just before the launch of any new scheme, billboards are displayed on prime locations, frequent TVCs are aired in prime time in various Indian channels for the mass, advertisements on FM channels about the current happenings are aired etc. Below the Line Promotion: Coupon, discount, more of the product at normal price, gift with purchase, competition, and prizes, money back offer, exchange offer, special occasion. Big Bazaar, in association with Star India Pvt Ltd, has launched a collection of designer ethnic wear under the brand Star Parivaar. Above the Line Promotion: Advertisements in Newspaper, TV, Internet (own website which give online shopping service), Partnership with Bigfilx, Big FM 92.7. Aggressive Pricing Strategy The tag-line is Is se Sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi make Big-Bazaar to differentiate itself from competitors in terms of only pricing the value at that price. Hence it makes it very important for the Big-Bazaar to always focus on the its pricing strategies to keep the prices always low compared to the competitors whatever the market, economy or the external conditions is. They work on the model of economics of scale. There pricing objective is to get Maximum Market Share. The various pricing techniques used at Big Bazaar are: EDLP Every Day Low Pricing: Big-Bazaar as a brand is differentiated through low pricing strategies. Hence it promises delivers the lowest available price without stressing on coupon clipping, discount promotions waiting time, or comparison shopping. Promotional-Pricing: Low interest rate financing is being offered by Big-Bazaar. Psychological discounting (Rs. 99, Rs. 49, etc.) strategy is used as a promotional tool. Special Event pricing (Close to Diwali, Gudi Padva, and Durga Pooja) is also the prime focus of big-bazaar for the reasons mentioned in the previous topic. Value-Pricing: Big-Bazaar sets selling prices on the perceived value to the customer, rather than on the actual cost of the product, the market price, competitors prices, or the historical price. Differentiated Pricing: Also termed as Time pricing, i.e. difference in rate based on peak and non-peak hours or days of shopping. This again as a pricing technique is used in Indian retail, hence aggressively used by Big Bazaar. Psychological Pricing: In order to attract status-conscious customers and also to push status-consciousness among the middle-class people, psychological pricing concept was undertaken by Big-Bazaar which provided the best deal in the market for the products which are market-buzz-creators and highly engaging long-lasting products such as LCD TVs, Washing Machines etc. Bundling: In

Old Man And The Sea :: essays research papers

In life, one will go through a number of stages in life. Infancy, Youth , Adulthood, and Old Age are all key stages. As one grows, they mature through these various stages. When one reaches old age, there is often a lot of doubt surrounding their lives. Serenity, and independence are often the two most questioned. These are some questions that Santiago has to ask himself as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel The Old Man And The Sea, Ernest Hemingway develops the concept of man coming to the realization that as he ages, his dependency on others will increase. The use of metaphor is key in showing how this is indeed true. The struggle with the Tiburon represents the mental struggle that Santiago is having with himself. The Tiburon is also used as a metaphor for Santiago’s life. The boy in the story parallels what Santiago’s life once was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The struggle with the Tiburon represents the struggle that Santiago is having with himself. The constant struggle makes Santiago realize that he is no longer as young as he thinks he is and he must rely on the help of others. This is shown when Santiago is battling the Tiburon. “ ‘Bad news for you fish’, he said and shifted the line over the sacks that covered his shoulders. He was comfortable, but suffering, although he did not admit to the suffering at all. ‘ I am not religious...but I will say Ten Hail Marys that I should catch this fish’... ‘Hail Mary full of Grace the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God pray for us sinners now and at the hour of death, Amen.’ Then he added. ‘ Blessed Virgin, pray for the death of this fish, wonderful as he is.’ '; [ Hemingway 64-65]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This quote shows that the old man is forced to break the rules of sanity and talks to himself as well as the fish which cannot hear him. The old man thinks to himself that the fish is a “ “ God fearing '; fish and by saying the Hail Mary, the fish will give in and let himself be caught. After saying the Hail Mary the Old Man tries to convince himself that his previously hurt hand is okay, when really it is not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In another part of the story Santiago admits that he is losing his sanity. “He did not want to look at the fish. He knew that half of him had been destroyed '; [Hemingway 114].

Observation of Chemical changes Essay

Abstract: The purposes of this lab is to observe the reactions of some common chemicals contained in consumer products and observe the macroscopic changes these chemicals undergo. Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to be able to interpret underlying macroscopic changes in terms of the behavior of atoms and molecules and also to learn how to separate mixtures into their component substances by solubility. Procedures/Materials Needed: 1 Toothpicks 1 Sheet of white and dark paper 1 Paper towel 1 Distilled water 1 Small amounts of household cleaning products 1 Goggle-safety 1 Well-Plate-24 1 Well-Plate-96 1 Pipet, Empty Short Stem 1 Aqueous Ammonia, 1M -1mL 1 Bromthymol Blue, 0.04% – 2 mL in Pipet 1 Copper (II) Sulfate, 0.2 M – 2 mL in Pipet 1 FDC Blue Dye #-1.0.1% – 2 mL in Pipet 1 Hydrochloric Acid, 1.0M-1 mL 1 Lead (II) Nitrate, 0.2 M- 2 mL in Pipet 1 PhenolphthaleinSolution1%1mL 1 Potassium Iodide, 0.1 M-2 mL in Pipet 1 Silver Nitrate, 0.1 N – 2 mL in white Dropper Bottle 1 Sodium Bicarbonate, 1 M – 2 mL in Pipet 1 Sodium Hydroxide, 1 M – 1 mL 1 Sodium Hypochlorite, 1% – 2 mL in Pipet 1 Starch Solution, 1% Stabilized – 2 mL in Pipet 1. For the following combinations of chemicals and using a different well of the 96-well plate for each combination, place 2 pipet drops of the first in one well and add 2 drops of the second chemical. Next observe the mixtures against the white and dark backgrounds by slipping white and black paper underneath the well plate. For each reaction record the well number of the mixture and your observations. a. Sodium Bicarbonate and Hydrochloric Acid b. Hydrochloric Acid and Bromothymol Blue c. Ammonia and Bromothymol Blue d. Hydrochloric Acid and Blue Dye e. Blue Dye and Sodium Hypochlorite f. Potassium Iodide and Lead Nitrate g. Sodium Hydroxide and Phenolphthalein h. Hydrochloric Acid and Phenolphthalein i. Sodium Hydroxide and Silver Nitrate j. Silver Nitrate and Ammonia k. Ammonia and Copper Sulfate Data and Observations: Sodium Hydroxide and Silver Nitrate Silver Nitrate and Ammonia Ammonia and Copper Sulfate Hint of pink when silver added looks like brown mud Brown Sediment layer baby blue with dark layer on top. A. Suppose a household product label says it contains sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate). How would you test this material for the presence of sodium bicarbonate? You would mix it with HCI and observe it for bubbles. B. You know what color phenolphthalein and Bromothymol blue turn when testing an acid or a base. Use the empty pipet in the Auxiliary Supplies Bag to test several household items including household cleaning products with Bromothymol. Name the items tested and record their results. What do these results mean? Bleach with Bromothymol Blue – Yellow and blue layer/ it separates the acid and the base. Hand Soap with Bromothymol Blue – Turned yellow which means it’s an acid. Ammonia with Bromothymol Blue – Dark blue which means it’s a base. C. You found a sample of a solution that has a faint odor of vinegar. You are verifying that is indeed vinegar and you add a few drops of phenolphthalein. The sample turns pink. What assumption can you make about this sample. When turning pink it would mean it was a basic solution meaning the solution isn’t vinegar because vinegar is an acid. D. You decided to investigate if the new wave of vitamin water is pH neutral: neither to acidic nor to basic. Using Bromothymol blue, you select five flavors of Vitamin Water to test. Three of the flavor-samples turn a murky  green, indicating the likelihood of acid/base balance. Of the two remaining, one turns slight yellow, while one remains blue. What can you assume about the acid/base content of these particular flavors of Vitamin Water. You could assume that the three were neutral, the more yellow solution was more acidic and the blue solution was basic. E. You have read that a new brand of hair tonic is supposed to contain lead (an ingredient in Grecian Formula). Devise a simple test to confirm the presence or absence of lead in that hair tonic. You could add potassium iodide and if there is lead it will precipitate. Results/Analysis: The objective of the lab was to observe the macroscopic changes that occur in chemical reactions and attempt to interrupt the macroscopic changes of the atoms and molecules that allow for the macroscopic changes to happen. This taught me how to distinguish between acids and bases, how to differentiate between one chemicals reaction to many different other chemicals when added together and what these reactions mean. Errors that could have occurred were that the drops of chemicals could have easily been different sizes, which could have made the reactions different than if everything was an even ratio. Although since we were using such small amounts of each of the chemicals I feel the reactions were quit normal. Except for the silver nitrate and ammonia, there wasn’t any reaction that was recorded because I feel we didn’t use enough chemicals. We used our observations from another lab group whose paper turned brown after some time under a light. This error could have occurred because we didn’t hold our tissue closer to the light bulb or long enough. Conclusion: This lab experiment forces an individual to think critically as to what macroscopic changes are occurring and why they are occurring. It taught us the difference between acids, bases, and neutrals, also if two specific chemicals are mixed together such as, potassium iodide and lead nitrate it will take on a precipitate form. I also learned how important ratios are in an experiment. If one chemical is greater than another, than a  completely different reaction can occur than expected. With this said it is also important for us to learn how to separate mixtures into their component substance and solubility. If specific chemicals for example, HDI were greater in ratio than the reactions could have turned out much different. All in all, the entire lab was presumably helpful and a great introduction for what’s to come in class.

Mr1 essays

Mr1 essays For Crane, he uses Maggie: A Girl of the Streets to tell a story of a girl, born into a life of misery, who has no way of escaping it. Thus, the story strikes an emotional chord in the readers hearts and the audience empathizes with Maggies conditions. Crane believes in the concept of "lifting the veil" and envisions a society that can look past physical differences. He wants the reader to understand the trails that Maggie endured and that the forces that hindered her were not her fault. She is born a "victim" of society. The dialect that Crane uses explicitly distances the audience from Maggie. Crane purposely wants his audience to understand her hardships and not to judge her actions. The dialect found inside the story separates the reader from the characters, yet still allows us to acknowledge Maggie and "makes room in Heaven for all sorts of souls (notably an occasional street girl) who are confidently expected to be there by many excellent people." Thus, by "lifting the veil," C rane allows his readers to see Maggies struggles, however, also allowing us to understand when Maggie commits suicide. The opposing forces around her are too large for her to overcome. Stephen's father, Jonathan Crane, was a Methodist minister who died in 1880, leaving Stephen, the youngest of 14 children, to be reared by his devout, strong-minded mother. After attending preparatory school at the Claverack College (1888-90), Crane spent less than two years at college and then went to New York City to live in a medical students' boardinghouse while freelancing his way to a literary career. While alternating bohemian student life and explorations of the Bowery slums with visits to genteel relatives in the country near Port Jervis, N.Y., Crane wrote his first book, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893), a sympathetic study of an innocent and abused slum girl's descent into prostitution and her eventual suicide. ...

Cortes and Castillo essays

Cortes and Castillo essays It was during the early portion of the 1500's that the Spanish infiltrated Mexico. It was a time of great change and great conquest for many, although it was also a time of great despair and struggle for others. In examining this particular period of time we discuss two individual writers, one who experienced the conquest and one who wrote later of the time. The works discussed are Second Letter to Charles V" and "Letters from Mexico," by Hernan Cortes, and "The Conquest of New Spain" by Bernal Diaz del Castillo. In addition to comparing and contrasting the works, and authors, we also discuss therein any discrepancies that are evident in relationship to the two authors. First, however, we should truly address the situation being discussed. Many firmly believe in the notion of conquest, as it relates to Mexico and Spain. Rashkin asks, however: "Conquest? Is that the right word?" (conquest.html). Many activists, such as those gathered on the Zcalo to celebrate Cuauthmoc's birthday and fight for the rights of indigenous people, prefer the term "invasion." And still others like "holocaust," believing it is the only term, which "adequately expresses the evil perpetrated on native Americans by European colonists," (conquest.html). Rashkin, however, also states that: "Sometimes I think it should be called the First Mexican Revolution, because without the enthusiastic participation of Totonacan, Tlaxcalan and other Indian allies, who had just cause to oppose the ruling Aztecs, Corts could never have taken over the great Mexican empire, and world history would have been different. In the end, I stay with 'conquest.' That's the term that Bernal DÃ ­az [Ca stillo], a conquistador who wrote about it many years later...And it's as good a term as any for the great cataclysmic meeting of two high civilizations that played itself out in Mexico in 1519-21" (conquest.html). Cortes was a man who actually fought under the i...

Impacts of Incarceration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Impacts of Incarceration - Essay Example The individual families usually undergo a lot of hardship as it may lead to the loss of income. When the bread winner of the family is incarcerated, the individual family usually ends up losing their income and hence creating financial difficulties. The relationship between the family members and the incarcerated individual is also eroded as they may be unable to visit the member due to various reasons including the financial difficulties. The composition of the house hold is usually restructured forcibly due to the incarceration of a family member. For example, the wives have to play all the roles in the family when their husbands are incarcerated. On the other hand, the fathers have to play all the family roles when their wives are incarcerated. This trend is increasingly becoming common among the poor black neighborhoods where the levels of incarceration are high as noted by the US Department of Justice (Liebling & Maruna, 2013). The individual families usually face a lot of stigm a as they are associated with the crime. This leads to more difficulties with most of the families becoming isolated. This causes a lot of stress and pain to the individual families. According to the media reports, the prison population in the United States of America has undergone tremendous growth in the last 35 years. The high number of population in the prisons has affected the community. Mass incarceration of members of a particular community usually leads to the weakening of the labour market within the community as people with different expertise in the community are in prison. The rate of marriage has also been seen to reduce among the African Americans in the United States of America due to the high number of incarceration of the community members (Schnittker, et al, 2011). The health outcomes of the community are usually impacted negatively and a high rate of

Family Court of Western Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Family Court of Western Australia - Essay Example Court Officials and Counselling Service Staff of the Court gained new insights and skills in these very complex scenarios of family break-ups and litigation. The need to liase more closely with internal as well as outside service providers, such as counsellors, social workers, psychologists, and other experts, brought a greater feeling of common purpose and it was soon clear that a potential model of an integrated family court system was beginning to emerge. The Family Court of Australia was intended to be seen as a â€Å"helping court† with an informal and user-friendly approach, but this soon changed as formalising occurred naturally in response to intense emotional circumstances which would inevitably arise in cases of family especially where prevailing legal activities tended to result in adversarial stances on the part of litigants. It was felt that the system was still limited and the Family Court on its own could not achieve outcomes that would benefit all parties, but particularly the children. In view of the growing number of applications for divorce and threat of disintegration of society, it was felt that greater use should be made of professionals from the social sciences, including psychologists, social workers, and child specialists.